Electrostatic Precipitators, its

Working Principal & use in Thermal

Power Plant
Presented By
Er. Naveen Malhotra
About Electrostatic Precipitators
 When & Why was need of ESP became necessary
ESP was introduced by Dr. F.G.Cottel in 1906
It was first used economically in 1937 for removal
of dust & ash particles from flue gases in thermal
plants.
ESPs are extensively used to remove fly ash from
the flue gases going to the stack
Need for ESP aroused due to strict air quality
Norms
Why Electrostatic Precipitators
 Construction of ESP
ESP consists of thin wires called emitting or discharge
Electrodes.
Other set of electrodes called collecting electrodes is
in the form pipes or plates.
Emitting Electrodes are placed in the centre of pipes
or midway between two plates & are connected to the
–ve polarity of high voltage DC source of the order of
25-100 KV
Collecting Electrode is connected to the +ve of the
source & is grounded
A Typical Picture of ESP
Working Principal of ESP
How does ESP work
 Working of ESP
High Voltage DC is connected between frame work & the
ground, thereby creating strong electrical field between the
wires in the framework & steel curtains
The electrical field becomes strongest near the surface of
the wires , so strong that an electrical discharge “corona
discharge” develops along the wires.
The particles of dust are removed by an intermittent blow
usually refereed as rapping.
This causes the dust particles to drop into the dust hoppers
situated below the collecting electrodes.
 Steps in Precipitation
Ionization of gases & charging of dust
particles.
Migration of the particle to the collector.
Deposition of charged particles on the
collecting surface.
Dislodging of particles from the collecting
surface.
Schematic Diagram of ESP
Sectional view of ESP
Main Components of ESP
Basic Diagram of ESP
Parts of ESP
Functions of the Electrodes
Processes in ESP
Working of ESP
 Next Stage in ESP
These fast moving electrons strike gas molecules
thereby emission of free electrons take place from gas
molecules.
The positive ion molecules move towards discharge
electrode by electrostatic Attraction
As a result with gas molecule more free electrons are
emitted near discharge electrodes.
As it Happens in ESP
Next Stage in ESP
Pictorial View of Stage-2 of ESP
How does Dust Particles Resistivity affects Collection
Efficiency of ESP
Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Dust Collection
Efficiency
Effect of Aerosol Concentration on Dust Collection
Efficiency
 New Norms for SPM
1. For Units Commissioned before December, 2003 up to
December, 2017 it should be below 150 mg/m3 & after
December ,2017 it Should be below 100 mg/m3.
2. For Units Commissioned after December , 2003 up to
December ,2017 SPM should be below 100mg/m3 &
after December it should be below 50 mg/m3.
I Hope This Presentation was Useful