SAMPLING

TECHNIQUES
March 28, 2022
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Why do we need to do sampling?

A. Probability Sampling- every element of the population

has a chance of being included in the sample. Minimize,
if not eliminate, selection bias

Random sample is one in which every member of the

population has an equal chance of being selected.
 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

1.Simple random sampling is a sample in which every possible sample of the

same size has the same chance of being selected. Now when you choose
members of a sample, you should decide whether it is acceptable to have
the same population member selected more than once:
• If it is acceptable ,then the sampling process is known as with
replacement.
• If it is not acceptable, then the sampling process is said to be without
replacement.
When to use: sample frame is available and population is
homogenous
Procedure: lottery or use of random number generators (Ran key
in Scientific calculator)
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

2.Systematic random sampling is one in which members of the

population are ordered in some way, a starting number is
randomly selected and then sample members are selected at
regular intervals from the starting number.
-selecting every kth element of the sample.
When to use: sample frame is available and population is
homogenous, there is no suspicion of a trend or pattern in the
frame
Procedure: determine sampling interval k (K=N/n), 100/40=2.5 or 3
Identify the random start: 1<rs<k rs=2
determine the number of elements to be included
in the sample: rs, rs+k, rs+2k,… 2,5,8,11…until u will obtain 40
samples
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

3.Stratified random sampling is formed when the researcher first divides

the population into groups that share similar characteristics, called
strata and then selects a simple random sample from each stratum.
-equal allocation or proportional allocation (commonly used)
When to use: population is heterogenous but can be subdivided into
homogenous strata. BSA-30, BSMA-40 n=10
30/70x100= 42.86 .43x10= 4.3=4 n=10
40/70x100= 57.14 .57x10= 5.7=6
Procedure: Determine the proportion of each stratum( n/N x 100)
Identify the stratum size
Select sample from strata using either simple or systematic
random sampling.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

4. Cluster random sampling(selection by

group) is formed by dividing the
population into naturally occurring
subgroups, called clusters, and selecting
all the members in one or more clusters.
When to use: Sampling frame is not
available and natural groupings are
evident in a population.
Ex: Dep ed teachers of region 6.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

B. Non-probability Sampling- often leads to

selection bias. We cannot draw
generalization. Not all elements of the
population are given a chance of being
included in the sample
1.Convenience/Voluntary/ haphazard/
Accidental- consists of only available
members of the population. Sample elements
are selected because they are available.
 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

2.Quota Sampling
Selecting sample elements nonrandomly according
to some fixed quota.
3.Judgemental/Purposive Sampling
Sample was selected based on the judgement of the
researchers as to who best fit the established
criteria. (personal judgement).
 WEB REFERENCES
stattrek.com/statistics/data-collection-methods.aspx
people.uwec.edu/…/researchmethods/data%20colle-ction
%20methods/…
https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/types-of-
variable.php
THANK
YOU!!!