CHAPTER 4

Summary of Findings
• The summary of findings presents the major
findings of the study
Conclusions
• Conclusions are inferences drawn from the findings
which may not always necessary.
Recommendations
• Recommendations are usually the researcher's
opinion on possible future actions or further study
to broaden understanding in the topic of interest
• For applied research, recommendations are usually
for making decisions about findings and conclusions
on certain issues or problems
References
• References includes only the sources that you have
mentioned or cited in-text in your paper.
Two Types of Sources
1. Primay sources are publications in which a
researcher accounts the findings of his or her
investigations. Most primary sources are found in
journal articles.
Two Types of Sources
2. Secondary sources are publications in which a
researcher considers the work of others.
Bibliography
• Bibliography is a list of all sources you used to
generate your ideas about your research even if
you have not mentioned or cited them in your
paper
• The use of secondary data requires a bibliography.
However, in APA Style calls for a list of references
instead of bibliography.
Appendices
• Appendices contain supplementary materials or
documents which may be helpful in providing a
more comprehensive understanding of the research
study.
• Usually the documents or items that you should
place in an appendix are letters, memorandums,
emails, interview transcripts, questionnaires or
surveys and other research instruments
Abstract
• It is a brief summary of the research paper or the
whole research project that is usually composed of
maximum of 300 words