Lecture 10

Spatial Analysis 3
Spatial thinking
Geospatial analysis
 Other forms of Spatial Analysis
• Dissolve: Use the Dissolve process when you want to
remove boundaries or nodes between adjacent polygons or
lines that have the same values for a specified attribute
Geoprocessing (Analysis) Tools in ArcGIS Pro Toolbox
 Recoding and Classification

Residential

Commercial
Rice Taro
Recoding and Classification Cont’d
 MEASUREMENT
5 KM
DISTANCE X Y
B
D
A
C

A- B = 20 = 40%
B- C = 20 = 40%
C - D= 10 = 20%

PARAMETER

2
AREA/SIZE 10 km
 Joins
• Sometimes a particular dataset may not be enough to perform a
certain form of analysis. This may necessitate additional
information from another feature layer or more descriptive data
(attributes) from an existing table
• Joining the two datasets becomes necessary.
• Hence, joins by themselves are not strictly a form of data analysis
but they enhance spatial analysis yielding a better result.
• Generally there are two kinds of joins, namely a tabular join and a
spatial join.
• A tabular join, joins an attribute table (non-spatial) from an
external source to the attribute of a GIS layer.
• Alternatively, the join may be between 2 attribute tables of two
GIS layers.
• The one table is added to the GIS layer, no new shapefile is
created.
• To be successful, the two tables must have a common field
(example on the next slide).
 Attribute table
Mapped Attribute table
(external source)

Common field
Additional data
needed

Notice that the output table contain data from both input tables
 Joins con’d
• Spatial join: This is also known as join by location.
• It is used when we want to join features based on their
locations relative to each other.
• It joins the attributes of one layer to another and thus
providing additional information making it possible to query
the data in new ways.
• However, unlike tabular joins where one table is joined to a
single feature, in spatial joins, a new feature layer is created
containing the combined attributes from the two feature
layers and thus making the join permanent.
• Spatial joins are especially very important when it is
necessary to query attributes from two feature layers.
 Spatial joins: by location cont’d

• Polygon-in-polygon

• Point-in-point or line
(+ nearest distance calculation)

+ =

polygon point A new polygon theme

• Point-in-polygon
 Summarizing Data in a Table
• Performed when certain attributes in a Area Tribe Number
table are repetitive and not organized
• Objective is to create only one entry for A Glen 45
each repetitive attribute while B Uma 30
summarizing other data related to that
attribute C Kwa 60
• Example, you may conduct a survey of D Glen 16
different tribes people in various areas
of a town as indicated in the top right E Uma 20
table F Glen 15
• Use the summarise tool to re-arrange as
in the bottom right table
• Sometimes one may desire to
summarise the attribute table based on
a particular attribute. Tribe Count Sum
• The summarize operation results in a Glen 3 76
new table which can be joined back to
the main table and mapped according to Uma 2 50
the summarized data.
Kwa 1 60
 Network Analysis

• This type of analysis is performed on features represented by

a set of connected line segments, for example road, rail or
drainage (river) network
• Works better with vector data model which have lines and
nodes
• For successful operations, lines must connect
• Includes shortest route b/w two or more features (cities,
ports), quickest route to a feature, nearest facility (clinic,
police station), Service area (territory served by a service
provider, producer, etc).
Quickest Route
Service Area Illustrated