Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.

1-1
 CONIC SECTIONS

Circles
and
Parabolas
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-2
 Circles and Parabolas
• Conic Sections
– Parabolas, circles, ellipses, hyperbolas

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-3

 1. Circles

A circle is a set of points in a plane that are equidistant

from a fixed point. The distance is called the radius of
the circle, and the fixed point is called the center.
• A circle with center (h, k) and radius r has length
r  ( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2 to some point (x, y)
on the circle where r ˃ 0
• Squaring both sides yields the center-radius
form of the equation of a circle(standard form).

r 2  ( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-4

 1.1 Center-Radius Form of the
Equation of a Circle
The center-radius form of the equation of a circle
with center (h, k) and radius r is
( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  r 2 .

Notice that a circle is the graph of a relation that is

not a function, since it does not pass the vertical line
test.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-5

 1.2 Finding the Equation of a Circle

Example Find the center-radius form of the equation

of a circle with radius 6 and center (–3, 4). Graph the
circle and give the domain and range of the relation.

Solution Substitute h = –3, k = 4, and r = 6 into the

equation of a circle.

62  ( x  (3)) 2  ( y  4) 2
36  ( x  3) 2  ( y  4) 2

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-6

 1.3 Equation of a Circle with
Center at the Origin
A circle with center (0, 0) and radius r has equation
x2  y2  r 2.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-7

 1.4 Graphing Circles

Example : Graph the circle x  y  9 2 2

Solution
x2  y 2  9
y 2  9  x2
y   9  x2
Let y1  9  x 2 and y2   9  x 2 .

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-8

 1.5 General Form of the Equation of a Circle

For real numbers c, d, and e, the equation

x 2  y 2  cx  dy  e  0
can have a graph that is a circle, a point, or is empty.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-9

 1.6 Finding the Center and Radius of a
Circle
Example Find the center and radius of the circle
with equation x 2  6 x  y 2  10 y  25  0.
Solution Our goal is to obtain an equivalent
equation of the form
We complete the square in both x and y.

The circle has center (3, –5) with radius 3.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-10
 • Example : Find the radius and the center
given the equation x2 – 4x + y2 – 4y – 8 = 0
Solution:
x2 – 4x +y2 – 4y – 8 = 0
(x2 – 4x) + (y2 – 4y) = 8
(x2 – 4x + 4) + (y2 – 4y+ 4) = 8+4+4
(x – 2) 2 + (y – 2) 2 = 16 or 42
C(2, 2) r = 4

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-11

 Activity 1 – By pair
I. Give the standard equation of the circle given
the following. Graph
1. C(0,0), r = 4
2. C(3,1), r = 5
3. C( -2, -1), r = 4
II. Find the center and radius given the equation
of the circle. Graph.
1. x2 + y2 – 6x = 7
2. x2 + y2 – 14x + 2y = -14
3. 16x2 + 16y2 + 96x – 40y = 315

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-12

16x^2+80x+16y^2-112y+247 = 0
16x^2+80x+16y^2-112y = -247
16(x^2+5x)+16(y^2-7y) = -247
16(x^2+5x+25/4)+16(y^2-7y+49/4) = -247+100+196
16(x^2+5x+25/4)+16(y^2-7y+49/4) = 49 (/16)
(x^2+5x+25/4) + (y^2-7y+49/4) = 49/16
(x+5/2)^2 + (y – 7/2)^2 = (7/4)^2
Center (-5/2, 7/2) r = 7/4

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-13

 Center (2, -3)
Radius = 4
Find its General Form
(x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2
(x-2)^2 + (y+3)^2 = 4^2
(x^2 - 4x +4) + (y^2 +6y +9) = 16
X^2 + y^2 -4x +6y +13 -16 = 0
X^2 + y^2 -4x +6y -3 = 0

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-14

 X^2 + y^2 -6x +4y -12 = 0
X^2 – 6x + y^2 + 4y = 12
X^2 -6x + 9 + y^2 +4y +4 = 12 + 9 + 4
(x – 3) ^ 2 + (y + 2) ^2 = 25
(x – h)^2 + (y – k)^2 = r^2
(x – 3) ^ 2 + (y + 2) ^2 = 5^2
Center (3, -2) radius = 5

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6.1-15