Heart

Presented by- Abhinav Agrawal

Aastha Tyagi
Aditya Bhatnagar
Yaksh Tyagi
WHAT IS A HEART?
It’s a muscular organ, the size of a clenched fist,
situated in the thoracic cavity. The heart has different
chambers to prevent the mixing of oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood. The CO2 is transported to the
lungs to be excreted and oxygen is brought from lungs
to the heart to be circulated to the rest of the body.
How does a human heart work?
Oxygenated blood from lungs is transported to the left
atrium. The left atrium relaxes then contracts while
the left ventricle expands to collect blood. When the
left ventricle contracts, the blood is circulated to the
rest of the body. Meanwhile the deoxygenated blood is
transported to the right atrium as it expands and the
right ventricle dilates to collect the blood and
transport it to the lungs for oxygenation. Valves
prevent backward flow of blood when one of the
chambers contract.
Heart Diseases
1-Coronary artery disease
2-High blood pressure (hypertension)
3-Cardiac arrest
4-Heart failure
5-Arrhythmia
6-Peripheral artery/vascular disease
7-Stroke
Double Circulation
The right and left side are separated to keep the
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This allows the
body to supply highly efficient oxygen rich blood to the
rest of the body. This is useful for warm blooded
animals. While the cold blooded animals like
amphibians and many reptiles can tolerate a bit of
mixing of the blood so they have three chambered
hearts. On the other hand fish blood is oxygenated
through gills and then is supplied to the rest of the
body so they have two chambered hearts. Uni-
circulation is done in fish.
TYPES OF CIRCULATION
1- Pulmonary Circulation : Blood circulated from the
right ventricle to the left atrium of the heart through
lung
2- Schematic Circulation : Blood circulated from the
left ventricle to the right atrium of the heart through
the body
 Blood
Blood is one of the most important components of life.
Almost any animal that possesses a circulatory system has
blood. From an evolutionary perspective, blood was
speculated to have risen from a type of cell that was
responsible for phagocytosis and nutrition. Billions of years
later, blood and the circulatory system have drastically
helped the evolution of more complex lifeforms. It is a fluid
connective tissue that consists of plasma, blood cells and
platelets. It circulates throughout our body delivering
oxygen and nutrients to various cells and tissues. It makes
up 8% of our body weight. An average adult possesses
around 5- 6 litres of blood.
Functions of Blood
1-Fluid Connective Tissue Blood is a fluid connective
tissue composed of 55% plasma and 45% formed
elements including WBCs, RBCs, and platelets. Since
these living cells are suspended in plasma, blood is
known as a fluid connective tissue and not just fluid

2-Provides oxygen to the cells : Blood absorbs oxygen

from the lungs and transports it to different cells of the
body. The waste carbon dioxide moves from the blood
to the lungs and exhaled.
More functions of Blood
3- Transports Hormone and Nutrients The digested nutrients such
as glucose, vitamins, minerals, and proteins are absorbed into
the blood through the capillaries in the villi lining the small
intestine. The hormones secreted by the endocrine glands are
also transported by the blood to different organs and tissues.
4- Homeostasis Blood helps to maintain the internal body
temperature by absorbing or releasing heat.
5- Blood Clotting at Site of Injury The platelets help in the
clotting of blood at the site of injury. Platelets along with the
fibrin form clot at the wound site
6- Blood Clotting at Site of Injury The platelets help in the
clotting of blood at the site of injury. Platelets along with the
fibrin form clot at the wound site
Blood Vessels
1. Artries- Arteries are strong tubes and muscular in nature. These blood
vessels carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all the tissues of the
body. Aorta is one of the main arteries that arise from the heart and
branches further.
2. Veins- Veins are elastic blood vessels which carry deoxygenated blood
from all parts of the body to the heart. An exception is the umbilical and
pulmonary veins. The Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the
heart from the lungs and umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the
placenta to the foetus.
3. Capillaries- On reaching tissues, arteries branch further into extremely
thin tubes called capillaries. Capillaries bring about the exchange of
substances between blood and tissues.
4. sinusoids- Sinusoids are a special type of wider capillaries present in
bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, spleen and some endocrine glands. They
may be continuous, discontinuous or fenestrated
Thank you
Made by- Abhinav Agrawal
Aastha Agrawal
Aditya Bhatnagar
Yaksh Tyagi