GROUP NO 03

BS PSY 6TH
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
Submitted by:
Amna zafar R82014
Varda malik R82009
Nadia noor R82012
Zernish khan R820
Javeria naz R820
Endocrine system (intro):
◦ Endocrine system is made up of several organs called glands. These glands,
located all over your body, create and secrete (release) hormones.
◦ You have glands all over the body, including your neck, brain and reproductive
organs.
◦ Hormones are chemicals that coordinate different functions in your body by
carrying messages through your blood. These signals tell your body what to do
and when to do it.
 Introduction (cont):
◦ The hormones created and released by the glands in your body’s endocrine
system control nearly all the processes in your body. These chemicals help
coordinate your body’s functions, from metabolism to growth and
development.
◦ Endocrine glands are also known as the ductless glands because of the fact that
their secretions are released directly into the blood, not to any tubes or ducts.
◦ The endocrine system includes the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland,
thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, and pancreas. It
also includes the reproductive organs.
Anotomy:
Cont:
Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain, near the optic
chiasm. The hypothalamus secretes hormones that stimulate controlling water balance, sleep,
temperature, appetite, and blood pressure.
Pineal body. The pineal body is located below the corpus callosum, in the middle of the
brain. It produces the hormone melatonin, which helps the body know when it’s time to
sleep.
Pituitary. The pituitary gland is located below the brain. Usually no larger than a pea, the
gland controls many functions of the other endocrine glands.
◦ Thyroid and parathyroid. The thyroid gland and parathyroid glands are located in front of
the neck, below the lyrnyx. The thyroid plays an important role in the body’s metabolism.
The parathyroid glands regulate calcium level.
Cont:
◦ Thymus. The thymus is located in the upper part of the chest and produces white blood
cells that fight infections and destroy abnormal cells.
◦ Adrenal gland. An adrenal gland is located on top of each kidney. Like many glands it
works with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The adrenal glands make and release
corticosteroid hormones and epinephrine that maintain blood pressure and regulate
metabolism.
◦ Pancreas. The pancreas is located across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach.
The pancreas plays a role in digestion, as well as hormone production. Hormones
produced by the pancreas include insulin and glucagon, which regulate levels of blood
sugar.
Functions
◦ Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. This lets the hormones travel to cells
in other parts of the body.
◦ Hormones are secreted by the glands of the endocrine system, traveling through the
bloodstream to various organs and tissues in the body. The hormones then tell these organs and
tissues what to do or how to function.
◦ Sometimes glands produce too much or not enough of a hormone. This imbalance can cause
health problems, such as weight gain, high blood pressure and changes in sleep, mood and
behavior.
◦ Many things can affect how your body creates and releases hormones. Illness, stress and
certain medications can cause a hormone imbalance.
Some examples of bodily functions that are controlled by the endocrine system include:
◦ metabolism
◦ growth and development
◦ sexual function and reproduction
◦ heart rate
◦ blood pressure
◦ appetite
◦ sleeping and waking cycles
◦ body temperature
Different glands within the body produce different hormones. These different hormones all have a number of varying functions.