INTRODUCTION TO

MEDIA AND Media and Information Literacy

INFORMATION
LITERACY
 THE TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
A. According to channels used:
1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in
which message is transmitted verbally; communication is done by
WORD OF MOUTH and a piece of writing.
When we talk to others, we assume that others understand what we
are saying because we know what we are saying.
But this is not the case. Usually, people bring their own attitude,
perception, emotions and thoughts about the topic and hence
creates a barrier in delivering the right meaning.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION CAN BE SUBDIVIDED
INTO TWO, ORAL COMMUNICATION AND
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION.

ORAL COMMUNICATION
In oral communication, Spoken words are
used. It includes face-to-face
conversations, speech, telephonic
conversation, video, radio, television,
voice- over.
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION CAN BE SUBDIVIDED
INTO TWO, ORAL COMMUNICATION AND
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to
communicate. A written message may be printed or hand written.
In written communication message can be transmitted via email,
letter, report, memo etc.
Memos, reports, bulletins, job descriptions, employee manuals, and
electronic mail are the types of written communication used for
internal communication.
THE TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
2. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Nonverbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless
messages. We can say that communication other than oral and
written, such as gesture, body language, posture, the tone of voice
or facial expressions, is called nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal communication is all about the body language of the
speaker.
NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION HAS THE
FOLLOWING THREE
ELEMENTS:
A. APPEARANCE
One’s appearance in nonverbal communication plays a significant role in conveying
the message.
When someone speaks, the way he or she looks can determine how a message will
be received.
For example, job interviews require interviewees to wear corporate clothes. Even
though your appearance may not be necessary to determine whether or not you are
fit for a post, the interviewer can perceive the way you look as a sign of
professionalism or lack.
NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION HAS THE
FOLLOWING THREE
ELEMENTS:
B. BODY LANGUAGE
Words are primarily the means we use in communication.
By using a common language between two conversing
parties, a message can easily be sent and received.
However, in face-to-face conversations, words are hardly
the only thing that receivers process.
They way one acts as he or she speaks, whether he’s
fidgeting or standing stolidly, the receiver adds that in the
block of information to process.
NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION HAS THE
FOLLOWING THREE
ELEMENTS:
C. SOUNDS
In communication, it is often the way words are said, not the
actual words themselves that can determine the success of
conversation. Tone, pace and volume are considered in
understanding the true meaning of what someone is saying.
For instance, a raised voice can be taken as a sign of anger, a
hurried pace can mean annoyance, and a condescending tone is
often understood as sarcasm.
 THE TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
B. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BASED ON PURPOSE AND
STYLE
Communication is used for many things. It is a means to
express, inform, entertain, and interact. The communication is
done can also vary depending on the message to be delivered,
the audience that it will be delivered to, and purpose why it
being delivered.
There are two types of communication depending on style
and purpose, formal and non-formal.
 B. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BASED
ON PURPOSE AND STYLE
1. FORMAL COMMUNICATION
Formal communication mostly takes place professional settings. This is
the type of communication practiced in corporate meetings, conferences,
academic seminars, political sessions, and juridical proceedings.
This type of communication abides by a set of pre-determined guidelines
in delivering a message. Due to its formal nature, there is a great
emphasis on observing proper grammar and correct pronunciation.
Slang and foul language are strongly discouraged. Remember that
roughness does not earn you points in formal communication.
B. TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION BASED ON
PURPOSE AND STYLE
2. INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
Informal communication is the most commonly used form of
communication. It takes place in our daily interaction which one
another. It happens in ordinary settings between friends, family,
classmates, and practically anyone who wishes to speak with
another.
Simply, informal communication is casual talk.
THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
Information Destination
Source Transmitter Receiver

Signal Received
Signal

Message
Message

noise Source
 THE ROLE OF MEDIA AND
INFORMATION IN EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Most households have televisions, cars have radios,
many take their morning coffee with a newspaper,
everybody has a smartphone and computers are
everywhere. Instead, the media has become a constant
in the lives of everyone. It is not surprising that
because of this, media and information plays vital role
in effective communication.
 THE ROLE OF MEDIA AND
INFORMATION IN EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
It makes the world a smaller place
Today, at any given point in time, a person can be connected to anyone
else in the world. Communication between two parties from the
opposite sides of the world is now possible.
Social media platforms brought people from different locations,
background, culture, and race together.
Dating websites have even made love possible across continents. Apart
from direct communication, today’s media created bridges between
countries.
 THE ROLE OF MEDIA AND
INFORMATION IN EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
It makes communication convenient
Gone are the years where people send telegrams and
snail mails to one another. Now to people communicate
with another without the long wait for replies or the
worry that their messages won’t be received in a timely
manner. With the existence of email and various
messaging sites and apps, communication has become
faster and easier.
 THE ROLE OF MEDIA AND
INFORMATION IN EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
It shapes public opinion
This is perfectly illustrated in surveys conducted before elections. When a TV
network broadcasts the result of a recent survey, they do more than just inform
the public where their candidates currently stand. They also affect the decision-
making process of their listeners in the upcoming elections.

For example, a person who is already thinking about voting for candidate A
might suddenly switch to candidate B, if he or she hears that the latter is leading
in polls. This classic case of jumping on the bandwagon proves the extent of
mass media’s influence on public opinion.