Relationship between

roots and coefficient

of quadratic equation
Objective:

Describes the relationship

between the coefficients
and theroots of a quadratic
equation.
Relationship between roots and
coefficient of quadratic equation

To know the relation between roots and

quadratic equation we have knowledge
about quadratic equation and roots. So
fi rst we discuss about the quadratic
equation then with roots.
 Quadratic Equation

£ It is the second degree equation, also said polynomial of

degree two.
£ The quadratic equation is derived from Latin language.
£ In Latin “Quadratus” means “Square”
 DEFINITION
An equation which contain the height
exponent of the variable/or any unknown
quantity (usually “x”) is a square (2), is called
‘quadratic equation’
So, it will have something like x2
 Roots

“The root of a number x is another number, its mean when a

number is multiplied to itself it gives number of times, equal x”.

Example:

The second root of 25 is 5, because 5 x5 = 25.

‡ The second root is called square root

‡ The third root is called cube root

 We know that and
are the roots of the quadratic
equation

where a, b are the

co-efficient of and respectively,
where

C is the constant term.

 Relationship
Relationship between
between roots roots
and and
quadratic equation
quadratic equation
Derivation

Let we consider and

then we find the sum and product of the roots.

Sum of
roots

We add both quadratic formulas alpha and beta

= +
Sum of
roots
 =

Product of
the roots
 If we denote the sum and product of
roots by
S and P respectively, then
 Result

œ The sum of the roots of the quadratic equation is

equal to the negation of the co-efficient of the
second term, dividing by the leading co-efficient.

œ The product of the roots of the quadratic equation is

equal to the constant term( the third term), divided by the
leading co-efficient.
Question No: 1
Find the relation between roots and co-efficient of a quadratic
equation without solving the equation

find sum and product

Solution:
Let be the roots of the given question.
Then,
Question No, 2
Find the relation when roots are connected by given relation.
Find relation between co-efficient of a, b and c of quadratic equation.
If alpha and beta are the roots of the equation
Find the values of the following;

(i) (iii)

(iv)
(ii)
 The given equation is
according to the problem alpha and Beta are the roots of
the equation
Therefore;

(i)
=
RELATION OF ROOTS
1. The sum of the roots is the additive
inverse of the quotient of b and a
r1 + r2 = - b
a
RELATION OF ROOTS
2. The product of the roots is the
quotient of c and a
r1 - r2 = c
a
RELATION OF ROOTS
The relations that exist between the
roots of a quadratic equation which can
be used in checking the validity of the
roots can be of best use in deriving the
quadratic equation
General Form: ax2 + bx + c = 0
Expressed in the form of Multiplication
Property of Equality:
c
x2 + b x+
a a= 0
RULE
To derive the quadratic equation when
the two roots are given, subtract each
root from x to get the corresponding
linear factors and equate the product of
the linear factors to zero
Example: x2 – 3x – 28 = 0
Solution:
(x-7) (x+4) = 0
x-7 = 0 or x+4=0
x=7 (root 1) x=-4 (root 2)
Example: x2 – 3x – 28 = 0
Check whether the roots are correct:
r1 + r2 = - b and r1 - r2 = c
a a

(7) + (-4) = (−3) (7) (-4) = - 28

1 1
3 = 3 True -28 = -28 True
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