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01 Internet Intranet
01 Internet Intranet
01 Internet Intranet
Introduction to Internet
and World Wide Web
CHAPTER 1
LOGO
Contents
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1.1 What is Internet?
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1.1 What is Internet?
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1.2 History and Development of the Internet
❖ The original aim was to create a network that would allow users of
a research computer at one university to be able to "talk to"
research computers at other universities.
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1.2 History and Development of the Internet
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1.2 History and Development of the Internet
❖ ARPANET
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1.2 History and Development of the Internet
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1.3 Internet Standards & Coordination
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1.3 Internet Standards & Coordination
▪ http://www.ietf.org/
▪ Founded 1986
▪ Request For Comments (RFC) at
http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html
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1.3 Internet Standards & Coordination
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1.4 Anatomy of the Internet
❖ Internet Backbone
A high capacity communication link that carries data
gathered from smaller links that interconnect with it.
❖ NAP – Network
Access Point
Access points or
junctions to the
Internet Backbone
in major cities.
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1.4 Anatomy of the Internet
❖ Client
▪ requests some type of service (such as a file or database
access) from the server.
❖ Server
▪ fulfills the request and transmits the results to the client
over a network
❖ The Internet Client/Server Model
▪ Client -- Web Browser
▪ Server -- Web Server
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1.4 Anatomy of the Internet
❖ Web Client
▪ Connected to the Internet when needed
▪ Usually runs web browser (client) software such as
Internet Explorer or Netscape
▪ Uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
▪ Connect to a web server using URL information
▪ Requests web pages from server
▪ Receives web pages and files from server
▪ Display the formatted information
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1.4 Anatomy of the Internet
❖ Web Server
▪ Continually connected to the Internet
▪ Runs web server software (such as Apache or Internet
Information Server)
▪ Uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
▪ Receives request for the web page
▪ Responds to request and transmits status code, web page, and
associated files
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1.5 Basic Internet Protocols
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1.5 Basic Internet Protocols
❖ E-mail Protocols
▪ Sending E-mail
• SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
▪ Receiving E-mail
• POP (POP3) Post Office Protocol
• IMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol
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1.5 Basic Internet Protocols
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1.5 Basic Internet Protocols
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1.5 Basic Internet Protocols
HTTP Request
HTTP Response
▪ Web browsers send HTTP requests for web pages and their associated
files.
▪ Web servers send HTTP responses back to the web browsers.
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1.6 Technologies/Tools of the Internet
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1.6 Technologies/Tools of the Internet
❖ FTP: File Transfer Protocol allows you to copy files from one
computer connected to the Internet to another computer
connected to the Internet. It allows you to download
information, upload web pages and transfer information
between computers.
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1.6 Technologies/Tools of the Internet
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1.7 World Wide Web (WWW)
❖ Development of the Web
▪ 1989-1991: Web invented by Tim Berners-Lee at
European Physics Laboratory (CERN).
”When I took office, ▪ 1994: Andreesen and Jim Clark found Netscape, and
only high energy create first commercial Web browser, Netscape
physicists
had ever heard of
Navigator.
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1.7 World Wide Web (WWW)
❖ What is WWW?
▪ is a way of accessing information over the medium of the
Internet.
▪ is one of the major services of the internet who hosts
information of almost about anything one might like to
search for.
▪ computer network consisting of a collection of Internet
sites that offer text and graphics and sound, video and
animation resources through the hypertext transfer
protocol.
❖ The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages
spoken over the Internet, to transmit data. Web services,
which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in
order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share
information.
❖ The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet
Explorer or Firefox, to access Web documents called Web
pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks.
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1.7 World Wide Web (WWW)
❖ Web Browsers
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1.7 World Wide Web (WWW)
❖ Web Addresses
▪ Example: http://www.cnn.com/world/index.html
▪ The hypertext links are attached to Web
addresses.
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1.7 World Wide Web (WWW)
❖ Web Pages
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1.7 World Wide Web (WWW)
❖ Hypertext
END of CHAPTER 1
LOGO