The Internet

iSchools Project Team

HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP

Commission on Information and Communications Technology

 Internet

• Inter = international
• Net = network
• a global collection of interconnected
networks - a network of networks
• “Mother of All Network”, “Cyber Village”,
“Virtual Community”

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LAN
• equipment + resources
• facilitate access, transfer
and distribution of data
and information
• low cost high-speed data
transfer
• office building, warehouse,
campus, or any other
facility
Networks
WAN
• a bigger network = 2 or
more interconnected LANs
• global companies/
agencies with common
databases and information
sharing needs

Internet: a network of networks

accessible to anyone connected to an Internet Service
Provider (ISP) with a PC, a modem and a telephone line.
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 Client/Server Paradigm
• servers + client-PCs/users: various uses
• TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and
Internet Protocol
– common standard by which computers of different
types and brands are able to communicate with one
another
– TCP = break down data + transmit in packets
– IP = routing information to destination/s

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 Internet Applications

• access to a vast load of information

• Communications
• Commerce
• Forum for discussions, opinions
• Venue for collaboration
• Social networking
• www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/introinternet.htm

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 Basic Internet Services
• Electronic mail or e-mail, Blog
• Newsgroups, Bulletin Boards, Forum, Special
Interest Groups
• Mailing Lists, Discussion Groups, Social
Networks
• Remote Logins
• Search Engines
• World Wide Web: multimedia information via
hypertext
• Commerce/Trading
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 Brief History
• U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research
Project Agency (DoD ARPA): ARPANET as military
communication system
• 1970’s: universities - email, File Transfer Protocol
(FTP), and other services
• 1983: TCP/IP as standard protocol
– Domain Naming System (DNS): IP addresses =
common names

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 Brief History
• 1986: NFSnet linked five (5) supercomputers
with backbone speed of 56kbps (universities
sharing resources)
– superior processing power
– 1984-1988: hosts (servers) rose from 1,000 to
60,000; bandwidth increased to T1 (1.544 Mbps)
– more and more countries joining
• ARPANET folded up in 1990
– NFSnet + many new networks: became the Internet
of the ‘90s
– Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) for
commercial use of Internet
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 Brief History
• Today: over 1 billion users worldwide (Dec.
2005)
– 15.7% of the world's population
– over 200 countries
– increasing exponentially (182% from 2000-2005)

Once the sole province of the military,

research institutions and universities, it is
now available to anyone who wants it.
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 Internet Architecture
• IP Addressing (dotted quad)
– to identify hosts
– 140.186.81.6 = two parts: network 140.186, host
PC 81.6
– PC1.1 (140.186.81.6) and PC1.2 (140.186.2.3) =
same network
– router needed for 2 PCs from different networks to
talk
e.g. PC1.1 to communicate with PC2.1 (140.185.1.1)

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• Domain Naming • 3-letter zones =
System
– user-friendly naming
scheme (lettered IP
address system)
– domain name server
• zones: organizational
and geographic
iSchools - CILC for Teachers
Internet Architecture
organization, 2-letter
zones = country
edu – educational institution
mil – military
gov – government
net – network
com – commercial
org – organization
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 Hardware/Software Requirements

• Computer
• Modem for dial-up connections
• Telephone line, leased line,
cellular/cable/satellite networks
• Some software – browser, email
client/app, ftp, etc.

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 Internet Service Providers (ISP)
• a company that
provides Internet
connection services to
the general public to
the Internet
• any online system that
has direct Internet
connection and
provides access to it

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 Levels of Internet Access

Direct Broadband
Connection – Connection – high-
leasing fiber optic speed “always on”
cable or similar multi-signal connection,
transmission media small to medium-sized
organizations
Dedicated (cable, DSL, satellite)
Leased-Line
Connection Dial-up Connection –
– by large most common form of
organization; connection;
entire LAN ISDN: high-speed dial-up
connected to + digital phone
the Internet
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 Ways to Connect to the Internet
●
Telephone line • Cell Phone with built-
●
Ethernet in modem type
adapters
●
Wi-Fi Wireless
– dial-up or through
●
Bluetooth Wireless
GPRS, special data
●
special device (e.g. cable, infrared ports,
Blackberry, Treo, or Bluetooth
combination cell
phone/PDAs)

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 Comparative Performance

A file that takes 1 hour to download via a 56K dial-

up connection will take about 26 minutes with an
ISDN line, between 2.2 and 13 minutes over a
cable connection, and between 2.2 and 26
minutes over a DSL connection would take.
- CompuKiss.com

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 Web Browsing

• fastest growing Internet service

• GUI, supports hypertexting
• Uniform Resource Locator or URL
http://www.howstuffworks.com/computers/internet-infrastructure.htm

Transmission Domain or Location File Name of the

Protocol Server Name: to within the Web page:
connect to the server actual name of
host server the HTML file
machine or
computer where
the data is stored

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 Web Browser

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 Web Browser

• Back • Home
• Forward • History
• Reload/Refresh • Bookmark/Favorites
• Stop Manager
• Address Box • Preferences
• Search
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 Portal & Search Engine

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 Search Engine

• Google, yahoo, lycos, etc.

– www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/googlesearch.htm
• Number of results, next page
• Search tips for more specific/focused
searches
• htm link vs. pdf link (open/save)
• evaluating a site (appropriateness, reliability,
validity)
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 Web Browser
• Portal • download/upload
• Search Engine • eCommerce
– query via index servers to • PodCasts
access relevant document
servers • research
– tips • application / file downloads
• Email • Chat, Instant Messaging (IM)
– webmail • Educational Resources
– POP3 email client • Online Learning / Distance
• Blog Education
• Collaborative work • Online competitions
• Groupware, eGroup • Gaming, Entertainment resources
• Discussion Forum
Learning How to Use the Internet Step-by-Step:
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 email

• Models:
– Webmail (e.g. Yahoo mail, gmail, Hotmail): must be
online to the server housing your mailbox to access
and manage your mail.
– POP3 email client (e.g. Mozilla Thunderbird, MS
Outlook): must be online to the server only to
download your mail, after that, go offline to read,
reply and manage the local mail storage; need to go
online again to send

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 e-mail address

name_of_user@domain_name_of_computer

• Your online identity!

• Mailbox name or username - should not
contain commas, spaces and parentheses
• @ (at sign)
• Address or hostname – domains and sub-
domains separated by “.”

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 Yahoo Email Account
1. Go to mail.yahoo.com
2. “Sign up now”.
3. succeeding page: “Sign Up for Yahoo! Mail”
4. Fill out the entire form, use the Tab key or the
mouse
• Check validity Yahoo ID.
• Security word.
• “Submit This Form”.
5. confirmation page: “Continue to Yahoo Mail”
6. start using your new, free Yahoo email account

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 e-mail
• Parts • Services:
1. header – Receive
• Addressee (To:) – Compose
• Carbon Copy (CC:)
• Blind Carbon Copy (BCC:)
– Send
• Title of Message (Subject:) – Reply / Reply to All
• Sender (From:) – Forward
2. body - plain text files or – Junk Mail / Spam
as html file
– Address Book/Contacts
3. signature (optional)
– Calendar
4. attachment/s
– Message Management

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 Other useful online services
• Blog (blogger, blogspot)
• Teacher / Education Portals (e.g. EdNA.edu.au, tsof.edu.au,
teach-nology.com)
• Online Resources / Libraries (e.g. iSchools WebBoard,
elib.gov.ph, skoool, EMC online, google videos)
• Discussion Forum (Teachers.Net)
• Social Networks (e.g. Friendster, Links)
• Real-time Communications (YM, Skype)
• Online Learning Content Management Systems (e.g. Manhattan
Virtual Classroom, Nuvvo, moodle)
• Wiki, Groups (e.g. Yahoo Groups)
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 Educational Applications
• Scavenger Hunt
• Online Treasure Hunt
• WebQuest
• Teacher / Student Blogs / Portfolios
• School / Class / Student Websites
• Content Management System
• Learning Management System

We need to be critical about the quality of

information available on the Internet!
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 Online Scavenger / Knowledge Hunt

• to introduce students to using search engines

(limited choices provided) to find information
on the Internet
• practice problem solving, improve their
reading and comprehension skills, and learn
how to search the Internet

Worth visiting:
• http://www.education-world.com/a_lesson/TM/WS_invent_hunt2.shtml
• http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/pges/projects/around.htm
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 Online Treasure Hunt
• Parts: (from McGraw-Hill online)
1. Introduction on the topic and the exercise
2. Set of questions about the topic
– 5-7 questions to serve as foundation for the BIG question
– avoid “what is” and “yes/no” questions; more “thinking/processing”
questions
3. Web Resource Bank: pre-screened for quality for
applicability – randomly arranged
4. A final, evaluative “BIG” question for students to synthesize
(using HOTS) the information and develop it into a broad
understanding of the topic – product to be assessed

Worth visiting:
• http://www.mohonasen.org/dmslib/great_wall.htm
• http://education.csm.edu/Camp04/bjizba/technology/treasurehunt.htm
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 WebQuest Components
• Introduction of activity to the students; role or scenario
• Task: end-result or culminating project
• Process: steps to go through to accomplish the task +
online resources + scaffolding
• Evaluation of performance be evaluated, scoring
rubric
• Conclusion: summarizes what the learners will have
accomplished + additional opportunities to extend
student thinking

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 WebQuest
• Process:
1. class learns some common background
knowledge
2. divide into groups
3. in the groups: each student given a particular role,
task, or perspective to master (become experts on
one aspect of a topic)
4. roles come together for students to synthesize
their learning by completing a summarizing act
– e.g. e-mailing congressional representatives or
presenting their interpretation to real world
experts on the topic

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 WebQuest

Worth visiting:
• A WebQuest about Evaluating Websites:
http://mciunix.mciu.k12.pa.us/%7Espjvweb/evalwebstu.html
• http://www.ldcsb.on.ca/schools/cfe/WebQuests/Gifted/intro.htm
• http://www.gecdsb.on.ca/d&g/cia/choices.htm
• http://www.ats.edu.mx/personales/rocio/Math/index.htm

• Spend some time going over the various sites

listed on your manual
• refer to the manual for a sample Rubric for
Evaluating WebQuests
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 REFLECTION/DISCUSSION
• Will you be able to integrate what you've learned
about ICT in your admin tasks as well as in
classroom teaching and learning?
– What? How? When? Why? With whom?
– Cite concrete examples: topics, strategies,
output/product/performance
• What will you commit to (vis-a-vis monitoring)?
– Which will you use extensively? Why?
• What kind of support will you need?
– From us? From others? 35
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 Thank you

Commission on Information and Communications Technology