PHYSICS : GROUP 8

TITLE : VISCOSITY DATE : 06 AUGUST

AND REYNOLDS 2023

NAME : OKUHLE STUDENT NUMBER

DUZE : 221254471
Table of Content

Page 3 : VISCOSITY
Page 11 : REYNOLDS NUMBER
FLUID DYNAMIC :
VISCOSITY
INTRODUCTION
• The internal friction within a fluid.
• Viscous fluids feel thicker, and do
not flow as easily.
• Honey and water are a perfect
example for viscosity. Water slides
down an inclined plane quicker
when being compared to honey
sliding down an inclined plane.
• Water has a high flow rate compared
to honey and honey has a low flow
rate compared to water, this is
because honey has high viscosity
and water has low viscosity.
Example
 Velocity gradient
Velocity gradient is the difference in velocity between adjacent layers of the fluid.

Velocity gradient = u/b

“u” : velocity

“b” : length
VISCOSITY

• A = Area of the plates

• μ = coefficient of viscosity
• F∝ μ
• F∝A
• F∝u
• F ∝ 1/y

• μ
TEMPERATURE AND VISCOSITY
• When temperature increases, the coefficient of viscosity decreases.
• For example, warm honey and cold honey.
• When temperature rises, the molecules move apart from each other
and the force of attraction becomes weaker due to the distance.
Worked problem
A force of 1.9N is required to move the upper plate at a constant speed
of 0.25m/s in the figure below. The area of the plates is 0.5m2 and they
separate by a distance of 1cm.
(a) Calculate the coefficient of viscosity of the fluid between the two
plates.
(b) Calculate the velocity gradient.

1cm
SOLUTION

1.9 =μ(0.5)(0.25/0.01)
μ = 0.152 Pa.s

(b) Velocity gradient = u/y

= 0.25/0.01
= 25 1/s
REYNOLD NUMMBERS
• dimensionless quantity that is used to
determine the type of flow pattern as
laminar or turbulent while flowing through
a pipe.
• the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces
WORKED EXAMPLES
Let’s assume that we are doing a research project on water flowing through pipes. We
also want to compare the diameters of the two pipes exhibiting laminar flow in which
water flows smoothly in a conventional fashion.

In addition, pipes that show turbulent flow where water flow chaotically, that make
forecasts involving its flow difficult. Furthermore, it can cause vibration that can cause
premature wear and tear in the flow system causing its failure.

In our research project, we want Reynolds number of 2200 for the water flowing through
the two separate pipes. In this, the first pipe has a diameter of 2.75 cm (0.0275 m). Also,
the density of water is 1,000 Kg/m3. Above all, the viscosity of water is 0.0013 kg/(m⋅ s).
Calculate what velocity the water has to pass through the pipe to fit these parameters?
SOLUTION

2000 = 1000(kgm3)ν(0.0275m)0.00133Pa⋅s
V = 0.01m/s

2000 = 1000(kgm3)ν(0.005m)0.00133Pa⋅s
V = 0.05 m/s