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Presented by Group 2

Sanitary Drainage
System
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 Definition
02 General Rules
Contents
We will talk about what sanitary We’ll talk about the general rules in
drainage system is. designing a sanitary drainage
system.

03 Parts of a Waste Collection System 04 Changes in the Directions

We will determine the correct materials
What are the parts that made up a that’ll be used depending on the change
sanitary drainage system? of direction.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

05 Minimum Slope
06 Types of Permissible Traps
Contents
We’ll talk about the minimum We’ll discuss the different types
slopes of sanitary drainage lines. and uses of permissible traps.

07 Requirements for traps 08 Sizes of Traps

What are the different required We’ll discuss the different size of traps.
requirement for traps?
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

09 Installation of Traps
10 Clean-outs Required & Not Contents
We’ll know the different such as the Required
distance in installing traps. We’ll discuss about when clean outs
are required.

11 Types of Vents 12 Sanitary System Problems

What are the different types and We’ll discuss about the different
uses of vents? problems within a sanitary system.
 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) DEFINITION
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Definition

A sanitary drainage system is a network of pipes, fixtures, and fittings designed

to transport wastewater and sewage from residential, commercial, industrial, or
institutional buildings to a sewage treatment facility or an appropriate disposal
system. Its primary purpose is to remove and safely convey liquid and solid
waste materials, such as human waste, soapy water, and other household or
industrial wastewater, away from inhabited areas to prevent contamination and
maintain public health and environmental hygiene.
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EXAMPLE
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GENERAL RULES

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Rule #1 Rule #2

The pipes should take the Control components such as

shortest possible route to the clean-outs, traps, and vents
house sewer or the terminating should be located strategically
point of the sanitary system. so as to ensure efficient
circulation.
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01

SUBSYTEMS 01

What are the different subsystems of a sanitary

system?
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• WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM

Waste collection system can be defined as a subsystem
responsible for the collection and removal of liquid and
solid waste materials from buildings, structures, and other
sources. This subsystem is designed to transport waste to
a centralized or decentralized treatment and disposal
facility. It is a critical component of the overall sanitary
drainage system and is dedicated to managing and
conveying waste, preventing contamination, and ensuring
public health and environmental safety.
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2, VENTILATION SYSTEM
A ventilation system, as a subsystem of a sanitary
drainage system, refers to a network of pipes and
vents designed to provide proper air circulation
and pressure balance within the plumbing system.
Its primary purpose is to ensure the efficient and
odor-free drainage of wastewater and sewage
from plumbing fixtures and appliances while
preventing the buildup of gases and pressure that
can lead to various plumbing issues.
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PARTS OF WASTE
COLLECTION SYSTEM
Waste Pipe 01 02 Vent Pipe
only conveys wastewater or used for ensuring the
liquid waste free of fecal matter circulation of air in a plumbing
system and for relieving the
negative pressure exerted on
trap seals.
Trap
-a fitting or device designed and
constructed to provide, when properly
vented, a liquid seal which prevents the 04 03 Stack
backflow of air or methane gas without the vertical main of a system of soil,
materially affecting the flow of swage or waste or vent pipings extending
wastewater through it. through one or more stories and
extended thru the roof.
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PARTS OF WASTE
COLLECTION SYSTEM
Branch 05 06 House/Building Drain
any part of the piping system part of the lowest horizontal piping
other than a main, riser or of a plumbing system receives the
stack. discharges from the soil, waste and
other drainage pipes inside of a
building and conveys it to the house
House/Building Sewer sewer outside of the building.
extends from the house drain at a point
o.60m from the outside face of the
foundation wall of a building to the 07
junction with the street sewer or to any
point of discharge, and conveying the
drainage of one building site.
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02

CHANGES IN DIRECTION
02
What changes should be made in the direction of sanitary
drainage lines?
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CHANGES IN DIRECTION

HORIZONTAL - VERTICAL -
HORIZONTAL HORIZONTAL

Use 45° wye branches,

45° wye branches or other
combination wye- 1/8 bend
approved fittings of equivalent
branches, or other approved
sweep
fittings of equivalent sweep
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CHANGES IN DIRECTION

HORIZONTAL - VERTICAL

• Use 45° or 60° wye branches, • No fitting having more than one
combination wye- 1/8 bend inlet at the same level shall be
branches, sanitary tee or used (i.e., sanitary cross)
sanitary tapped tee branches,
or other approved fittings of
equivalent sweeps.
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CHANGES IN DIRECTION

HORIZONTAL - VERTICAL

• Double sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of

the fitting is at least two pipe (2) sizes larger than the
largest inlet, (pipe sizes recognized for this purpose
are 51,64,76, 89,102,114, 127, & 152mm dia.
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03

MINIMUM SLOPE

What is the minimum slope of a sanitary drainage line?

03
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MINIMUM SLOPE

Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe- 2% or

20mm/m (1/4” per foot).  Exception: Where it is impracticable
due to depth of street sewer, adverse structural features and
irregular building plans, pipes 102mm dia. or larger may have a
slope of not less than 1% or 10mm/m (1/8” per foot), approved by
the Administrative Authority
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04

TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS

What are the different types and uses of permissible traps in sanitary
drainage system?

04
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TYPES & USES OF
PERMISSIBLE TRAPS
THE COMMON P-TRAP THE DEEP SEAL P-TRAP THE STRAND TRAP

• Used for lavatories, • Water seal is about twice • Used for fixtures such as
kitchen sinks, laundry the size of the common P- slop sinks that are usually
tubs, & urinals trap built low in the ground,
• Materials commonly used • Used for extreme leaving very little space for
for the P-trap: nickel, conditions because foundation & a trap
chrome plated brass, resealing quality is greater • Serves as water seal &
Galvanized malleable structural support for the
copper, & PVC. fixture
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TYPES & USES OF
PERMISSIBLE TRAPS
THE DRUM TRAP THE RUNNING TRAP
• Has a large diameter
(around 0.16m) • Used within the
• Used for fixtures that line of the house
discharge large amount drain
of water (bathtubs,
shower or floor drains)
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REQUIREMENTS
FOR TRAPS
Traps REQUIRED
Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps, shall be separately
trapped with an approved type water seal trap.
Only one trap shall be permitted on a trap arm( portion of a fixture drain between
a trap and the vent)
One trap, centrally located, may serve three single compartment sinks or laundry
tubs or lavatories, adjacent to each other and in the same room, where their waste
outlets are not more than 0.75m apart.
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SIZES OF TRAPS

• The trap shall be the same size as the trap arm to which it is
connected.
• Each fixture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not less than
51mm and not more than 102mm (except where a deeper is
found necessary by the Administrative for special conditions
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INSTALLATION
OF TRAPS
• The vertical distance between a fixture outlet tailpiece and the trap
weir shall not exceed 0.60m in length.
• The developed length of the trap arm (measured from the top of
closet ring to inner edge of vent) of a water closet or similar fixture
shall not exceed 1.8m.
• For trap arm 76mm dia or larger, a cleanout is required for a change
of direction of greater than 22.5°
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CLEAN-OUTS
REQUIRED
• At the upper terminal of every horizontal sewer or waste line
• At each run of piping more than 15m (50 ft.) in total developed length
• At every 15m (50ft) of total developed length or a fraction thereof 
Additional clean-out shall be provided on a horizontal line with an
aggregate offset angle exceeding 135°
• Inside the building near the connection between the building drain and the
building sewer or installed outside the building at the lower end of the
building drain and extended to grade.
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CLEAN-OUTS
NOT REQUIRED
• On a horizontal drain less than 1.5m in length unless such
line is serving sinks or urinals.
• On short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope of 72°
or less from the vertical line (or at an angle of 1/5 bend)
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VENTILATION VENT PIPE

Portion of the drainage pipe A pipe or opening used for

installation intended to maintain a ensuring the circulation of air in a
balanced atmospheric pressure plumbing system and for relieving
inside the system the negative pressure exerted on
trap seals
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11

TYPES OF VENTS

What are the different types and uses of vents?

11
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MAIN SOIL &

WASTE VENT
• The “backbone” of entire sanitary system
• Connected to the Main Soil & Waste Stack
• The portion where waste does not travel through
• Continues to the roof; the portion penetrating the roof is called
the Vent Stack Through Roof (VSTR)
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SOIL &
WASTE
VENT
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MAIN VENT

• The principal artery of the venting system to which vent

branches are connected.
• Also known as “Collecting Vent Line”
• Serves as support to the Main Soil & Waste Vent
VENT
MAIN
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INDIVIDUAL OR
BACK VENT

• A pipe installed to vent a fixture trap, that connects with the

vent system above the fixture served or terminates in the open
air
 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) INDIVIDUAL
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OR BACK
VENT
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UNIT, COMMON,
OR DUAL VENT

• An arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe

serve two (2) traps.
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COMMON,
OR DUAL
VENT
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RELIEF VENT

• A vertical vent line that provides additional circulation of air

between the drainage and vent system or to act as an auxiliary
vent on a specially designed system such as a “yoke vent”
connection between the soil and vent stacks.
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YOKE OR BY-
PASS VENT
• A pipe connecting upward from soil or waste stack below the
floor and below horizontal connection to an adjacent vent
stack at a point above the floor and higher than the highest
spill level of fixtures for preventing pressure changes in the
stacks.
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PASS VENT
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LOOPED VENT

• A vertical vent connection on a horizontal soil or waste pipe

branch at a point downstream of the last fixture connection
and turning to a horizontal line above the highest overflow
level of the highest fixture connected there
• Used in spaces without partitions
LOOPED
VENT
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WET VENT

• That portion of a vent pipe through which wastewater also

flows through
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STACK VENT

• The extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest

horizontal drain connected to the stack.
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VENT STACK

• The vertical vent pipe is installed primarily for providing

circulation of air to and from any part of the soil and waste of
the drainage system. The uppermost end above the roof has
traditionally been referred to as Vent Stack Through Roof
(VSTR).
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VENTS
REQUIRED

• Each trap shall be protected against siphonage and back-

pressure through venting.
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VENTS NOT
REQUIRED
• On a primary settling tank interceptor which discharges through a
horizontal indirect waste pipe into a secondary interceptor. The
secondary interceptor shall be properly trapped and vented.
• Traps serving sinks in an island bar counter. Such sink shall discharge
by means of an approved indirect waste pipe into a floor sink or other
approved type receptor.
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INDIRECT WASTE
PIPE
• Is a pipe that does not connect directly With the drainage system but
conveys liquid wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture,
interceptor or receptacle directly connected to the drainage system.
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SANITARY SYSTEM
PROBLEMS
Trap Seal Loss
• Direct effect of the Minus & Plus Pressure inside the system due to
inadequate ventilation of traps
Siphonage (Direct and momentum)
• The loss of water seal from fixture traps resulting from partial vacuum
in the drainage system
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SANITARY SYSTEM
PROBLEMS
Back Pressure
• Back pressure refers to pressure opposed to the desired flow of a fluid
in a confined place such as a pipe. Back pressure is not pressure
traveling in the opposite direction, it is actually the remnants of
pressure in the desired direction of movement.
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SANITARY SYSTEM
PROBLEMS
Retardation of Flow
• Due to the effect of atmospheric pressure and / or gravity

Deterioration of the Materials

• Due to the formation of acids
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Thank You
By Group 2