Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Lecture 1: Course Overview and Introduction

Dr. Sajedi
CS Dept.
hhsajedi@ut.ac.ir

1
 CLASS TARGET
• Getting a Feeling of Artificial Intelligence, its fields,
open problems, and schools of thought

• Learning some basic tools of Artificial Intelligence

• Having a little experience with Artificial Intelligence

2
 TEXT BOOK

Artificial Intelligence: A
Modern Approach (Prentice
Hall Series in Artificial
Intelligence). April 2010

3
 ASSESSMENTS
• Project : (5 points)
• Homeworks: (5 Points)

• Final Exam: (10 points)

• SUM: 20 points

5
Artificial Intelligence

A short introduction
 QUOTES ABOUT INTELLIGENCE
• The ability to carry out abstract thinking. (Terman, 1921)
• The capacity for knowledge, and knowledge possessed. (Henmon, 1921)

• The capacity to learn or to profit by experience. (Dearborn, 1921)

• Intelligence is what is measured by intelligence tests. (Boring, 1923)
• A global concept that involves an individual's ability to act purposefully, think
rationally, and deal effectively with the environment. (Wechsler, 1958)
• Intelligence is a general factor that runs through all types of performance. (Jensen)

• A person possesses intelligence insofar as he had learned, or can learn, to adjust

himself to his environment. (Colvin 1982)

• Goal-directed adaptive behavior : Sternberg RJ; Salter W (1982). Handbook of human

intelligence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press..

• Intelligence is the ability to use optimally limited resources - including time - to

achieve goals. (Kurzweil, 1999)

7
 Plant intelligence
It has been argued that plants should also be classified as intelligent
based on
 ability to sense and model external and internal environments
and adjust their morphology, physiology and phenotype
 accordingly to ensure self-preservation and reproduction
 Animal Intelligence
Stanley Coren's book, The Intelligence of Dogs is
a notable book on the topic of dog intelligence

Monkey IQ test(2009)
 ABOUT INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence is subjective,
– You need not be great in all domains to be called
intelligent.
– Physicists boil watches!

Intelligence is a relative measure.

– A child who talks fluently.
– A dog which identifies his owner’s voice
– I.Q.
10
 IQ
• the German psychologist L. Wilhelm Stern was the first to coin
the term intelligence quotient (IQ), a figure derived from the
ratio of mental age to chronological age
• Today, an average IQ score is considered to be 100
• Intelligence tests do not measure creativity, character,
personality, or other important differences among individuals
• While there are different types of intelligence tests, they all
measure the same intelligence
• Most people cluster around the average (IQ 100). Few are
either very bright or very dull: About 3% of Americans score
above IQ 130.
• One IQ Test: https://brainstats.com/en
Emotional intelligence

• Self-awareness. The ability to recognize an emotion as it “happens” is the

key to your EQ.
• Self-regulation. You often have little control over when you experience
emotions. You can, however, have some say in how long an emotion will
last by using a number of techniques to alleviate negative emotions such
as anger, anxiety or depression.
• Motivation. To motivate yourself for any achievement requires clear goals
and a positive attitude.
• Empathy. The ability to recognize how people feel is important to success
in your life and career.
• Social skills. The development of good interpersonal skills is tantamount
to success in your life and career.
 Types Of Intelligence 9
• Naturalist (nature smart)
• Musical (sound smart)
• Logical-mathematical
(number/reasoning smart)
• Existential (life smart)
• Interpersonal (people smart)
• Bodily-kinesthetic (body smart)
• Linguistic (word smart)
• Intra-personal (self smart)
• Spatial (picture smart)