CHEMISTRY

HOLIDAY HOMEWORK
By Daksh Sachdev(Roll number-9 of IX-A)
 STATES OF MATTER

SOLID

LIQUID

GAS
 ACTIVITIES TO BE
PERFORMED

Solid to Liquid Liquid to Solid Liquid to Gas

Gas to Liquid Solid to Gas

 SOLID TO LIQUID
• Material Required  Ice

• Procedure  Melting

• Observation  Ice converts to Water

• Conclusion  On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic

energy of the particles increases. Due to the increase in kinetic energy,
the particles start vibrating with greater speed. The energy supplied by
heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles. The
particles leave their fixed positions and start moving more freely.
A stage is reached when the solid melts and is converted to a liquid.
 LIQUID TO SOLID
• Material Required  Water

• Procedure  Freezing

• Observation  Water converts to Ice

• Conclusion  On decreasing the temperature of liquids, the kinetic energy

of the particles decreases. Due to the decrease in kinetic energy, the
particles start vibrating with very slow speed. The energy released by
freezing makes the force of repulsion between the particles less. The
particles come to their fixed positions and start vibrating on their mean
position. A stage is reached when the liquid freezes and is converted to a
solid.
 LIQUID TO GAS
• Material Required  Water

• Procedure  Boiling

• Observation  Water converts to Water Vapour

• Conclusion  When we supply heat energy to liquid, particles start

moving even faster. At a certain temperature, a point is reached when
the particles have enough energy to break free from the forces of
attraction of each other. At this temperature the liquid starts changing
into gas.
 GAS TO LIQUID
• Material Required  Water Vapour

• Procedure  Condensation

• Observation  Water Vapour converts to Water

• Conclusion  When the water vapour is kept inside a closed container

a small fraction of particles, having lower kinetic energy, are able to
break away from the forces of attraction of other particles and gets
converted into liquid.
 SOLID TO GAS
• Material Required  Camphor

• Procedure  Sublimation

• Observation  Camphor gets converted to vapour

• Conclusion  When we supply heat energy to solid, particles start

moving even faster. At a certain temperature, a point is reached when
the particles have enough energy to break free from the forces of
attraction of each other. At this temperature the solid starts changing
into gas.
THANK YOU