Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ROL
ROL
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Introduction
• Essential step
• Provides base
• Justifies need
• Throws light on flexibility of study
• Reveals constraints of data collection
• Relates findings
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The Literature Review
Information seeking
Critical appraisal
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What is LR?
Discusses published information in a
particular subject area,
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What is LR?
A effective evaluation of selected
documents
A review may form an essential part
of the research process or may
constitute a research project in
itself.
A critical synthesis of previous
research.
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The Literature Review
• Scholarly literature refer to published
and unpublished data based literature
and conceptual literature materials found
in print and non print forms
• Data based literature reports of
completed research
• Conceptual research reports of
theories, concepts
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Relationship Of Review Of Literature To
Theory, Research, Education And Practice
Research
Review of
Literature
Education Practice
Theory
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Why write LR?
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Why write LR?
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Why write LR?
A critical look at the literature (facts
and views) that already exists in the
area you are researching.
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Why write LR?
In a broader context Hart (1998) lists the
following purposes of a review:
Distinguishing what has been done from what
needs to be done;
Discovering important variables relevant to
the topic;
Synthesizing and gaining a new perspective;
Identifying relationships between ideas and
practice;
Establishing the context of the topic or
problem; 13
Why write LR?
Rationalizing the significance of the
problem;
Understanding the structure of the
subject;
Relating ideas and theory to applications;
Identifying methodologies and techniques
that have been used.
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Non research Purposes of Literature Review
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Differences of Research & Non
Research Purposes
Whether a nurse is developing a research
study, a curriculum, or a patient protocol,
s/he should base that project on a
critical review of the literature.
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Purposes of Literature Review
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PLZZZZZZZZZZZZ……NOTE
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Where do I find LR?
Books,
Journal articles,
Internet (electronic journals),
Newspapers,
Magazines,
Theses and dissertations,
Conference proceedings,
Reports, and documentaries.
Lab reports,
Sometimes a literature review is written as a
paper in itself.
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Primary and Secondary Sources
Primary source:
Is written by a person(s) who developed the
theory or conducted the research
Secondary source:
Is written by a person(s) other than the
individual who developed the theory
or conducted the research
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The Role of Secondary Sources
Two general reasons for using secondary
sources:
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Pitfalls of Secondary Sources
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Locations
indexes
bibliograp abstracts
hies
Computer
books searches
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Key electronic data bases
• CINAHL : cumulative index to nursing and allied health
literature
• Theoretical framework
• Problem statement and hypotheses
• Design and method
• Outcome of the analysis
(findings, implications, and recommendations)
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What should I do before writing the literature
review?
Find models
Look for other literature reviews in your area
of interest
You can simply put the word "review" in your
search engine along with your topic.
The bibliography or reference section of
sources
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What should I do before writing the
literature review?
Clarify
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What should I do before writing the literature
review?
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What should I do before writing the
literature review?
Find a focus
A literature review, like a term paper, is
usually organized around ideas.
one at a time.
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What should I do before writing the literature
review?
Themes or issues.
Do they present one or different solutions?
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What should I do before writing the
literature review?
Construct a working thesis statement
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What should I do before writing the
literature review?
Consider organization
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Develop a search strategy
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Formulate & Devise search Search for
refine primary strategy identify &
& secondary retrieve
questions potential
primary
source
materials
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Formulating search strategy
• Cooper 1998
- Bibliographic data base
- Electronic data base
Points to remember
• One should be familiar with search
engines
• Software mapping
• Authenticity
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Screening & gathering references
• Readily available
• Relevant to the topic
• Quality of references
- Procedure to safeguard the participants
- Minimize risks to the participants
- Maximize benefits to the participants
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Documentation in literature retrieval
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Coding the studies
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Lets revise…………
The whole process of reviewing includes:
a. Searching for literature
b. Sorting and prioritizing the retrieved
literature
c. Analytical reading of papers
d. Evaluative reading of papers
e. Comparison across studies
f. Organizing the content
g. Writing the review
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TAKE HOME
MESSAGE:
Thank You !!