GE1 – Understanding the Self

1
“Philosophical Self”

MS. JASMIN A. FALLEJO

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Understanding the Self

Philosophical Self

• Discuss the different perspectives and

conceptualization of the self from various
disciplinal perspectives
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Philosophy is derived from the Greek

words “Philos” and “Sophia” which
literally means “Love for Wisdom”. It is
the study of acquiring knowledge through
rational thinking and inquiries that
involves in answering questions regarding
the nature and existence of man and the
world we live in.
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“The unexamined life is not

worth living.”
Socrates
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Socrates believe that the answer to our

pursuit in knowing ourselves lies in our
own abilities and wisdom, and that the
only way for us to understand ourselves is
through internal questioning or
introspection.
Socratic Method or Socratic Conversation.
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Plato generally followed his teacher and

the idea of knowing thyself through the
allegory of the cave, the apology, and his
work on a perfect government and societal
system, “The Republic” where he said that
the world can only be led by a Philosopher
king. According to Plato, a person who is a
follower of truth and wisdom will not be
tempted by vices and will always be just.
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The Allegory of the Cave

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Plato’s idea of the appetitive soul is the

part of the person that is driven by desire
and need to satisfy oneself.
This satisfaction both involves physical needs
and pleasures and desires.
As long as the person finds an object or
situation good or satisfying, the Appetitive
soul can drive the person to lean towards
those objects and situations.
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This part of the soul can be attributed to the

courageous part of a person, one who wants
to do something or to right the wrongs that
they observe.
Spirited soul are very competitive and is very
active, his competitiveness drives one to
expect positive results and winning.
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The last part of the soul could be said is the

driver of our lives, this is the part that thinks
and plan for the future “the conscious mind”
it decides what to do, when to do it and the
possible results one could have depending
on their actions.
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St. Augustine while integrating the

teaching of the church in his philosophy and
establishing our sense of self with God which
we cannot achieve with our bodies since the
limitation of our senses in truly
understanding the essence of our existence
and role in the world is limited.
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Descartes explained we as a rational

being should focus on the mind and
explained that the more we think and
doubt what we perceived from our
senses and the answer that came from
such thinking or doubting leads to
better understanding of ourselves.
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John Locke’s work on the self is

most represented by the concept
“Tabula Rasa” which means a Blank
Slate.
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According to David Hume, there is no

permanent “self”, that since our
impressions of things based from our
experiences and from such impressions
we can create our ideas and knowledge
which leads to the argument that since
our impression and ideas change.
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Immanuel Kant is a German Philosopher

that is known for his works on Empiricism
and Rationalism.
We have the capabilities to understand
beyond those experiences and be able to
think and have a clear identification who
we are and establish a sense of self that is
unique and distinct from others.
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Sigmund Freud, an Austrian

Psychologist and Physician, he is
also known as the father of
psychoanalysis and is known for his
work on human nature and the
unconscious.
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Gilbert Ryle with his Behavioristic

approach to self, said that self is the
behavior presented by the person, his
notion of dualism is that the behavior
that we show, emotions and actions are
the reflection of our mind and as such is
the manifestation of who we are.
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Paul Churchland is a Canadian

philosopher whose focus is on the
idea that people should improve
our association and use of words in
identifying the self. He has this idea
that the “self” is defined by the
movements of our brain.
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Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-

Ponty is a French philosopher that is
known for his idea of the self,
regarded that the body and mind
are not separate entities, but rather
those two components is one and
the same.
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WHO AM I?
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PR 1.1.1

Philosophies of the World

Who among the

Pen & Paper philosophers that have
been discussed so far
none
do you agree with?
Why or why not?
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PR 1.1.1

For Flexible Distance Learning:

• Screenshot of hand written answer on bond paper and uploaded at
Edmodo Apps
For Modular Distance Learning:
• Handwritten bond paper and submitted at AISAT Campus

• Five days after the discussion.

• March 19, 2021
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“Wherever you go, go with all

your heart.”
Confucius