Measures of Central Tendency

among Ungrouped Data

Mean – the average of all the given data
x̅ =
Median– the center or middle value of all the given data
If odd numbers x̃ =
If even numbers x̃ =
Note: always arrange your data ascending.
Mode – the observation that appears most number of times
= (unimodal/bimodal/multimodal/ none)
Try this!
Solve for mean, median and mode of ungrouped data.

2 4 6 8 9 8 8
6 6 8 9 9 6 6

x̅ = 6.78
x̃ = 7.25
=6
 Measures of Central Tendency
among Grouped Data
Mean – using grouped data
x̅ = or using mean deviation x̅ = ) į *Ma-assumed mean
*fD- frequency Distribution
Median– using grouped data
LB= ( *fMd- frequency median
UB= = UB- (
Mode – the observation that appears most number of times
= )į *Mc- mode class
*Uf - upper frequency/ Lf- Lower Frequency
 ci f LCB UCB X <cf >cf Rf D fD

57-61 2 56.5 61.5 59 45 2 4.44

52-56 6 51.5 56.5 54 43 8 13.33

UB= 47-51 7 46.5 51.5 49 37 15 15.56
46. 5
42-46 13 41.5 46.5 44 30 28 28.89
LB= 37-41 5 36.5 41.5 39 17 33 11.11
41. 5
32-35 7 31.5 36.5 34 12 40 15.56

27-31 5 26.5 31.5 29 5 45 11.11

45
1. Identify the Frequency median (fMd) – for odd sets just simply get the middle
frequency while for even sets get the
2. Identify the <cf and >cf of fMd
3. Solve for the and
 ci f LCB UCB X <cf >cf Rf D fD

57-61 2 56.5 61.5 59 45 2 4.44

52-56 6 51.5 56.5 54 43 8 13.33

UB= 47-51 7 46.5 51.5 49 37 15 15.56
46. 5
42-46 13 41.5 46.5 44 30 28 28.89
LB= 37-41 5 36.5 41.5 39 17 33 11.11
41. 5
32-35 7 31.5 36.5 34 12 40 15.56

27-31 5 26.5 31.5 29 5 45 11.11

Total: 45
LB= ( ( 43.61

43.61
 ci f LCB UCB X <cf >cf Rf D fD

57-61 2 56.5 61.5 59 45 2 4.44 3

52-56 6 51.5 56.5 54 43 8 13.33 2

47-51 7 46.5 51.5 49 37 15 15.56 1

42-46 13 41.5 46.5 44 30 28 28.89 0

37-41 5 36.5 41.5 39 17 33 11.11 -1

32-35 7 31.5 36.5 34 12 40 15.56 -2

27-31 5 26.5 31.5 29 5 45 11.11 -3

Total: 45

4. Complete the column for deviation(D) by starting with 0 at the fMd

 ci f LCB UCB X <cf >cf Rf D fD

57-61 2 56.5 61.5 59 45 2 4.44 3 6

52-56 6 51.5 56.5 54 43 8 13.33 2 12

47-51 7 46.5 51.5 49 37 15 15.56 1 7

42-46 13 41.5 46.5 44 30 28 28.89 0 0

37-41 5 36.5 41.5 39 17 33 11.11 -1 -5

32-35 7 31.5 36.5 34 12 40 15.56 -2 -14

27-31 5 26.5 31.5 29 5 45 11.11 -3 -15

Total: 45
5. Complete the column for frequency deviation(fD) by multiplying f and D
6. Solve for the x̅ = and x̅ = ) į
 ci f LCB UCB X <cf >cf Rf D fD

57-61 2 56.5 61.5 59 45 2 4.44 3 6

52-56 6 51.5 56.5 54 43 8 13.33 2 12

47-51 7 46.5 51.5 49 37 15 15.56 1 7

42-46 13 41.5 46.5 44 30 28 28.89 0 0

37-41 5 36.5 41.5 39 17 33 11.11 -1 -5

32-35 7 31.5 36.5 34 12 40 15.56 -2 -14

27-31 5 26.5 31.5 29 5 45 11.11 -3 -15

Total: 45
x̅ = = į=
x̅ = 43
x̅ = ) į = ) 5 = 42
 ci f LCB UCB X <cf >cf Rf D fD

57-61 2 56.5 61.5 59 45 2 4.44 3 6

52-56 6 51.5 56.5 54 43 8 13.33 2 12

47-51 7 46.5 51.5 49 37 15 15.56 1 7

42-46 13 41.5 46.5 44 30 28 28.89 0 0

41.5
37-41 5 36.5 41.5 39 17 33 11.11 -1 -5

32-35 7 31.5 36.5 34 12 40 15.56 -2 -14

27-31 5 26.5 31.5 29 5 45 11.11 -3 -15

Total: 45

7. Identify the
8. Solve for the = ) į
 ci f LCB UCB X <cf >cf Rf D fD

57-61 2 56.5 61.5 59 45 2 4.44 3 6

52-56 6 51.5 56.5 54 43 8 13.33 2 12

47-51 7 46.5 51.5 49 37 15 15.56 1 7

42-46 13 41.5 46.5 44 30 28 28.89 0 0

41.5
37-41 5 36.5 41.5 39 17 33 11.11 -1 -5

32-35 7 31.5 36.5 34 12 40 15.56 -2 -14

27-31 5 26.5 31.5 29 5 45 11.11 -3 -15

Total: 45
*Mc- mode class
*Uf - upper frequency/ Lf- Lower Frequency

= )į = ) 5 = 42.75