Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MOMENTUM
MOMENTUM
LESSON 2
IMPULSE AND
MOMENTUM
PRE-TEST
1. Two identical cars are traveling along EDSA. Which of the two cars
has a greater momentum?
a. the slower car
b. the faster car
c. both have the same momentum
d. cannot be easily determined
2. A bus and a car are traveling along EDSA with the same velocity.
Which of the two vehicles has a greater momentum?
a. the bus
b. the car
c. both have the same momentum
d. cannot be easily determined
For questions 3 and 4, refer to the table below:
vehicle mass (kg) Velocity
(m/s)
jeepney 2000
10
3. Based on the given table above,Motorcycle
what is the momentum of the jeepney?
300
a. 6,000 kg-m/s
20
b. 40,000 kg-m/s
c. 20,000 kg-m/s
d. 3,000 kg-m/s
4. Which has a greater momentum, the jeepney or the motorcycle?
a. jeepney
b. motorcycle
c. cannot be determined
d. both have the same momentum
5. A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road usually breaks, while the
one dropped on the grass doesn’t. Why do you think the egg dropped on the grass was not broken?
a. The change in momentum is less.
b. The change in momentum is greater.
c. The time interval for stopping is less.
d. The time interval for stopping is greater.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What makes things move?
Why do some objects move continuously while some moving objects stop suddenly?
Where p= momentum
m = mass
v = velocity or speed
Example:
1. If a 6.0 kg bowling ball is rolled with a velocity of 3.5 m/s, what is the
momentum of the ball?
Given: m= 6.0 kg
v= 3.5 m/s
Find: p= ?
Solution:
Formula for momentum is p= mv
1. A bowling ball which mass is 4.0 kg is rolling at a rate of 2.5 m/s. What is its
momentum?
2. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s with a momentum of 6.0 kg-m/s. What
is its mass?
3. A baseball was thrown with a mass of 0.5 kg and a momentum of 10 kg-m/s. What is
its velocity?
Impulse
WHAT CAUSES CHANGES IN MOMENTUM?
2.
DueWhy would
to the an of
hardness eggthebreak
groundimmediately when it
and due t a reduced hits time
impact the
ground?
leading to an increase in impact force.
3.
TheHow was the increased
handkerchief impact force lessened
the time bytherefore
of action the uselessening
of the
handkerchief?
the impact force on the egg.
4. If a different
Depends on the material
hardness was used toofcatch
or softness the egg,surface
the landing will the
ofegg
the
break or not?
material.
Impulse
Impulse is a term that quantifies the overall effect of force acting over time.
It is conventionally given the symbol I, and expressed in Newton-seconds N.s).
For a constant force, I=F⋅Δt.
Do you still remember Newton’s Second Law of Motion? It states that the
net force is directly proportional to the mass of a body and its acceleration. In equation
form,
F = ma
v
Since 𝑎 = f − vi, then
F = m(vf– vi) / t .
Given: m = 0.02 kg
Δv = 25 m/s – 0 = 25 m/s
Find: I
Solution:
Since the golf ball is initially at rest, the initial velocity is equal to zero.
Thus,
I = Δp = mΔv
= (0.02 kg)(25 m/s)
= 0.50 kg-m/s or 0.50 Ns
MODULE 1
LESSON 3
CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM
Conservation of momentum states that for a collision between object 1
and object 2 in an isolated system, the total momentum of the 2 objects before
the collision is equal to the momentum of the 2 objects after the collision. The
momentum lost by object 1 is equal to the momentum gained by object 2.
Collisions happen when two objects come in direct contact with
each other. Collisions are categorized according to whether the total kinetic
energy of the system changes. Kinetic energy may be lost during the collision
when (1) it is converted to heat or other forms of energy and (2) it is spent in
producing deformation or damage such as when the two collide.
There are two types of collision: elastic collision and inelastic collision.
1. Elastic collision- the total kinetic energy of the system does not change
and colliding objects bounce off after the collision. An example is the balls in
billiard games.
Solution:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝜌𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝑚𝑣𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣1+𝑚𝑣2=𝑚𝑣1+𝑚𝑣2
(11 kg ∗33𝑚𝑠)+(𝑚stone2∗0𝑚𝑠)=(11 kg ∗13𝑚𝑠)+(𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑟2∗8𝑚𝑠)
(363𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)+0= (143𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)+(𝑚stone2∗8𝑚𝑠)
(363𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)−(143𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)=(𝑚stone2∗8𝑚𝑠)
(220𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)=(𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑟2∗8𝑚𝑠)
220𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠 = 𝑚stone2
8𝑚𝑠
27.5 kg= 𝑚stone2
2. A 0.5kg ball strikes a second 1.5kg ball at rest. After a collision, the 0.5 kg ball is
moving with a velocity of 13 m/s and the second ball is moving with a velocity of 8 m/s.
What is the initial velocity of the first ball?