Prepared By :-

RAHUL KAUSHAL 101020

VoIP technology has been considered as a way to make completely free phone calls. But all calls are not free. There are three main types of VoIP calls.

VoIP is becoming an attractive VAS that opens new opportunities for Broadband service providers both wired and wireless. Delivering voice telephony service together with data services over a converged IP networks raise a few challenges:
Billing

Service Quality
Competition

For the VoIP system the CDR information is collected by using the RADIUS protocol, the SIP server acts as a RADIUS client that interacts with the RADIUS server to create a CDR for each VoIP call. A VoIP CDR typically includes the following parameters: The radacctid parameter specifies a unique record identifier (e.g., 10243), which is automatically generated by the RADIUS server. The username parameter specifies the calling party (e.g., 39116819 in Figure 10.1(a)). The sipaddress parameter indicates the IP address of the node that requests authentication (i.e., 140.113.0.1 for the SIP server in Figure 10.1).

The acctstarttime and the acctstoptime parameters (e.g., 200801-22 09:01:32 and 2008-01-22 09:02:44, respectively) store the start time and the stop time of the call. The acctsessiontime parameter stores the call holding time (e.g., 00:01:12). The calledstationid and the callingstationid parameters record the telephone numbers of the called party and the calling party respectively. The acctterminatecause parameter indicates the reason why the VoIP call is terminated (e.g., User-Request).

Once the CDR have been collected, validated, normalized & consolidated, a charge is calculated for each call identified by the details in one or more CDRs. This process is known as and it is carried out by a rating engine.
The rating engine can be apart of a billing system or it can be preliminary process outside of the billing system. The billing system add up to change determined during rating for each account, calculate balances and generates invoices. The CRDs finally end up on the invoice in form of an itemized bill.