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Are the influences of the Americans evident
up until today?
 PHILIPPINE
PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
LITERATURE AT
AT
Lesson 4 THE
THE TIME
TIME OF
OF US
US
COLONIALISM
COLONIALISM
Ma’am Angel
01 Philippines at the
time of American
Colonization
 The American
02 Influence on
Philippine
Literature
 The Three Groups
03 of Writers during
the American
Period
01 Philippines at the
time of American
Colonization
Philippines at the time of American Colonization

The American colonization over the

Philippines began in 1898 and ended
in 1946 lasting almost 50 years which
had been divided into phases:
Philippines at the time of American Colonization

FIRST SECOND
PHASE PHASE
 FIRST PHASE
• It started from year 1898
to 1935 and began with the
Spanish – American War
in Cuba.
 FIRST PHASE
• The Philippines was
relinquished to the United
States by Spain after a
payment of 20 million US
dollars in accordance to
the infamous, “Treaty of
Paris”.
20 million dollars = 1, 172, 500, 000 pesos
Treaty of Paris
- signed on September 3, 1793
- it is between the American colonies and
Great Britain, ended the American
Revolution and formally recognized the United
States as independent nation
Treaty of Paris
- forced Spain to cede the Philippines,
Guam, and Puerto Rico to the United
States
 FIRST PHASE
• The poorly equipped
Filipinos were eventually
overpowered by the
Americans in open combat
but the fiercest opponents
in guerrilla warfare.
 SECOND PHASE
• Started from 1936 to 1946
and was characterized with
the establishment of the
Commonwealth of the
Philippines and the
Japanese occupation during
the World War II.
 The American
02 Influence on
Philippine
Literature
The American Influence on Philippine Literature

The American Period

had an influence to
the literature of the
Philippines.
The American Influence on Philippine Literature

1) 2)
the introduction of
the use of English as a
free public medium of instruction
instruction for all In all levels of
children of school education in public
age schools
1)
the introduction of free
public instruction for all
children of school age

❑ The use of English as medium of instruction opened the Filipino mind to

Anglo-American models of thought, culture and life ways.
2)
the use of English as a medium
of instruction In all levels of
education in public schools

❑ Free public education made knowledge and information accessible to a

greater number of Filipinos, giving them the opportunity to improve their
social status and join the educated masses who became a part of the
country’s middle class.
These two factors that shaped the Philippine
Literature during the time of US Colonialism.
Concept With your group, create a concept

Map
map about the influences of the
American period to the Philippines.
A lot of Philippine literature were written in English,
and were inevitably imitative of American models of
writing.
The Period of Apprenticeship

In fiction, the period of apprenticeship in literary

writing in English is marked by imitation of the style of
storytelling and strict adherence to the craft of the short story
as practiced by popular American fictionists. Early short story
writers in English were often dubbed as the Andersons or
Saroyans or the Hemmingways of Philippine letters
 The Three Groups
03 of Writers during
the American
Period
The Writers
in Spanish
The Writers in Cecilio Apostol (1877-1938)-
Fernando Ma. Guerrero (1873-1929)(1899-
1961) )

Spanish

Jesus Balmori (1887-1948) . Claro M. Recto (1890-1960)

1. Cecilio Apostol (1877-1938)- was considered as a colossus in
Spanish- Filipino poetry. He was recognized in the Hispanic world as the
“greatest Filipino poet writing in Spanish”. One of his famous Spanish
poems was the short poem Al Heroe Nacional.

2. Fernando Ma. Guerrero (1873-1929)- the founder of La Vanguardia

and La Opinion. He published his first poetry compilation entitled
Crisalidas in 1914. His second compilation, Aves y Flores (Birds and
Flowers) was published posthumously in 1970.

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3. Jesus Balmori (1887-1948)- he published his first poetry book title Rimas
Malayas (Malayan Rhymes) at the age of 17. He had also joined and won in various
literary contests. He wrote for La Vanguardia and had a daily column of satirical
verses titled Vida Manileñas under the pen name “ Batikuling”.

4. Claro M. Recto (1890-1960)- was best known as one of the authors of the
Philippine constitution but also as a brilliant writer who contributed greatly to the
Philippine literature. He became a writer for La Vanguardia with the pseudonym “
Aristeo Hilario”. He wrote a daily column titled Primares Cuartillas (First Sheets).
He also published a compilation of his poetical writings, titles Bajo los Cocoteros
(Under the Coconut Tree).

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 Other Writers in Spanish:

1. Adelina Guerrea was the first woman poet in the Philippines who was good in Spanish. She
obtained the Zobel prize in her song El Nido . (The Nest).

2. Isidro Marpori became famous for his four books entitled Aromas de Ensueño (Scents of
Dreams).

3. Macario Adriatico wrote thelegend of Mindoro entitled La Punta de Salto (The Place of
Origin).

4. Epifanio de los Santos (known as Don Panyong) was a leader and biographer during the
whole period of Spanish literature.

5. Pedro Aunario wrote the Decalogo del Proteccionismo.

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The Writers
in Filipino
The Writers in Filipino
The poets in Filipino were classified into three:
Poets of the Heart (Makata ng Puso): Lope K.
Santos, Inigo Ed Regalado, Carlos Gatmaitan,
Pedro Deogracias del Rosario, Mar Antonio
Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay): Lope K.
Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino
Collantes, Patricio Mariano, Carlos Gatmaitan Lope K. Santos (1879- Jose Corazon de Jesus
and Amado V. Hernandez. 1963)- (1896-1932)

Poets of the Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan):

Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino
Reyes and Tomas Remigio

Severino Reyes (1861-

1942)
1. Lope K. Santos (1879- 1963)- he was a Tagalog language writer and a
former senator. He was notable for his novel Banaag at Sikat.

2.Jose Corazon de Jesus (1896-1932)- was one of the greatest Philippine

poets and is acknowledged as the king of Balagtasan. He was most notable
for his poem Bayan Ko, which was set to music by Constancio de Guzman
and became a popular song during the Marcos dictatorhip in the 1980s.

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3.Severino Reyes (1861-1942) – was known
as the Father of Tagalog plays. He was a
remarkable playwright, writer and dramatist.
He was highly acclaimed as one of the giants
of Philippine literature in the 20 th century. He
was famous for writing Mga Kwento ni Lola
Basyang.

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The Writers
in English
The Writers
in English Paz Marquez- Benitez (1894- 1983) Zoilo Galang (1895-1959)

Jose Garcia Villa (1908-

1997)
1. Paz Marquez- Benitez (1894- 1983) – is considered as the first modern English language short story
writer from the Philippines. Her work, Dead Stars, is the first Filipino modern English language short story
and was made the landmark of the maturity of the Filipino writer in English.

2.Zoilo Galang (1895-1959) –was known as the author of the first Philippine novel written in the English
language, titled A Child of Sorrow.

3. Jose Garcia Villa (1908-1997)- was a pure artist by heart: a poet, critic, short story writer, and painter.
He was known for his rather provocative ideas on literature as well as his expression of strong emotions in
his poems. In New York, he became popular as the “comma poet” after he introduced a unique style of
poetry, wherein commas are placed following each word intended to anchor the reader.

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 The combination of writing in a borrowed
tongue while dwelling on Filipino customs and
traditions marked the literary output of major
Filipino fictionists in English during the American
period.

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 Poetry in all languages continued to flourish in all regions of the country
during the American period. The Tagalogs, hailing Francisco F. Balagtas as the nation’s
foremost poet invented the balagtasan in his honor. The balagtasan is a debate in verse,
a poetical joust done almost spontaneously between protagonists who debate over the
pros and cons of an issue.

https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sc
a/literary-arts/philippine-literature-during-the-american-period/

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LET’S WRAP UP!
The American Period greatly influenced the literature and way of life of
the Filipinos.

There were two significant changes that the Philippines underwent

during the time of American rule:

1) free public instruction for Filipino children

2) The use of the English language as a medium of instruction that
opened the Filipinos to Anglo-American models of thought, culture and
life ways.

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LET’S WRAP UP!
• A lot of Philippine literature were written in English which imitated
-
the American models of writing.

• The access to education also shaped many gifted poets, novelists

and various writers in Filipino, English and Spanish languages.

• Three groups of writers emerged during the American colonialism

based on the medium they used: Filipino, English and Spanish
writers with each having distinct styles in writing.

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THANK
YOU!