ECOLOGISM

ECOLOGISM OR
ENVIRONMENTALISM
Environmentalists attach
value to the “environment” or “nature”
but only in relation to human
consciousness and human concerns.

Ecologist, on the other

hand, assert that nature has intrinsic
value, and that the task of ecologism is
to engage in a critique of
anthropocentric world view , which in
socio-economic manifests itself as
industrialism.
 Ecologism is eco-centered. This does not
mean that ecologists do not embrace values and
perspectives derived from other ideologies, but rather
those perspectives are assessed from the standpoint of
the eco-system, or earth, as an irreducible and
interdependent system.

Whereas environmentalist share a post-

enlightenment belief in the uniqueness of the human
perspective on the world ― that is, they place human
beings above, or outside, nature-ecologist challenge
that philosophical position, maintaining that human
life only has value insofar as animals, but non-sentient
entities, such as trees, rivers and mountains. Indeed it
is net rather than the knots that is of ultimate value.
 Many people maintain that industrialisation, urbanisation, and
population growth either have brought about, or threaten to bring about,
irreversible changes to the natural environment such that the future of life
on earth beyond more than one or two hundred years is in jeopardy. Writers
maintain that the difference between ecologism and environmentalism rest
in part, on attitudes to the seriousness of this crisis, with ecologist being
very pessimistic, and environmentalist being more optimistic.

There is some validity in the characterisation of the differing

attitudes, scientific-technical: the roots of the crisis lie in human attitudes to
nature ― we see nature as a resource to be exploited for our benefit.
However, a human-centered approach to the environment could also
explain the crisis: without condemning human attitudes to nature it could
be argued that environmental degradation is the collective consequence of
rational individual behaviour.
FUNDAMENTALISM
 It referred to a defence of Protestant orthodoxy against the
encroachments of modern thought

Giddens comments that fundamentalism protects a

principle as much as a set of doctrines, and hence can arise in religions
like Hinduism and Buddhism that had hitherto been ecumenical and
tolerant. Fundamentalism, he adds, not only develops in religion but
can arise in any domain of life subject to forces undermining
traditional forms – whether this concerns the idea of nation, relations
between people of different cultures, the structure of the family or
relations between men and women.

Fundamentalism is a tendency that ‘manifests itself, as a

strategy or set of strategies, by which beleaguered believers attempt to
preserve their distinct identity as a people or group’.
 fundamentals are meant to regain the same charismatic
intensity today that (it is believed) was in evidence when the ‘original’
identity was 382 Part 3 Contemporary ideologies forged from
formative revelatory experiences long ago.

Although fundamentalists hark back to a past that they seek

to re-enact, this past is heavily doctored with mythology

Fundamentalists are not conservatives trying to recover old

truths. They want to remould the world in the light of doctrines that are
quite new.
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