Non-Experimental

Research
 Non-Experimental Research
• Non – experimental research is a way of finding out truths about a subject by
describing the collected data about such subject and determining their relationships
or connections with one another.
• Characteristics
• It is capable of establishing cause-effect relationship
• It involves various ways of data analysis
• Primary – analysis of data collected by the researcher
• Secondary – examination of data collected by other people
• Meta-analysis – analysis of data expressed numerically
• It uses research method that is applicable to both qualitative and quantitative
data
Survey Research
• Survey research the most popularly used non-experimental research.
• Survey research is a method of research that aims at knowing what a big
number of people think and feel about some sociological issues.
• The extensive use of survey research is proven by the fact that more than
one-third of the published research on-line were done through survey
research. Usually used by researchers to study issues affecting a large
population, survey research requires data-gathering techniques such as
interview, questionnaire, on-line survey and telephone interview.
Purposes of Survey Research
• To obtain information about people’s opinions and feelings about an issue.
• To identify present condition, needs or problems of people in a short span
of time
• To seek answers to social problems
• To give school officials pointers on curricular offerings, guidance and
counselling services, teacher evaluation and so on.
Phases of Survey Research
1. Explanation of objectives clearly
2. Formulation of research questions or hypotheses to predict relationships of
variables
3. Determination of the exact kind of data referred to by the hypotheses or
research questions
4. Assurance of the population or group of people to which the findings will
be applied to
5. Finalization of the sampling method for selecting the participants
6. Identification of the method or instrument in collecting data
Strengths of Survey Research

1. Versatility It can tackle any issue affecting society

2. Efficiency It is not costly in terms of money and time, assuming
there is excellent communication or postal system
3. Generality It can get a good representation or sample of a large group
of people
4. Confidentiality It is capable of safeguarding the privacy or
anonymity of the respondents
Weak Points of Survey Research

1. It cannot provide sufficient evidence about the relationships of variables

2. It cannot examine the significance of some issues affecting people’s social
life
3. It cannot get data reflecting the effects of the interconnectedness of
environmental features on the research study
4. It cannot consider man’s naturalistic tendencies as the basis of human
behavior unless his ways or styles of living are related to his surroundings
Weak Points of Survey Research
5 It cannot promote interpretive and creative thinking unless its formation
of ideas results from scientific thinking
6 It cannot have an effective application to all topics for research
7 It cannot use a questioning or coding method that can accurately register
differences among the participants’ responses
8 It cannot diffuse the main researcher’s abilities to control and manipulate
some factors affecting the study
9 It cannot account for real or actual happenings, but can give ideas on
respondents’ views, beliefs, concepts and emotions.
Ethical Principles and Rules in Survey Research

1. Respect whatever decision a person has about your research work for his
participation in your study comes solely from his or her own decision
making powers.
2. Make sure that your study will be instrumental in elevating the living
conditions of people around you or in bringing about world progress
3. Conduct your research work in a way that the respondents will be safe
from any injury or damage that may arise from their physical and
emotional involvement in the study
Ethical Principles and Rules in Survey Research

4 Practice honesty and truthfulness in reporting about the results of your

study
5 Accept the reality that the nature, kind and extent of responses to your
questions depend solely on the dispositions of the respondents
6 Decide properly which information should go public or secret
7 Stick to your promise of safeguarding the secrecy of some information
you obtained from the respondents