TAXILA AMERICAN UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Medicine
IMMUNOLOGY &MICROBIOLOGY
EXTERNAL EXAMS
19-09-2022

Answer all questions in this Paper.

C. Katema
 STATION 2

a) List and describe the five major representatives of the normal flora of the
female genitalia?

b) The female genitalia is a portal of entry for most pathogens; list and
describe common agents of UTIs and how you differentiate these from
sexually transmitted disease.
c) A week after being borne, a child develops fever, seizures, dyspnea and
fontanelle bulging.
i. What could the child be suffering from and what is the causative
agent?
ii. What is the mode of acquisition of the named disease and how is
Depicted above is a schema of the disease established in the neonate?
iii. What are clinical manifestation are associated to the named
vaginal epithelia and associated organism in (i) and how do prevent them?
microbiota iv. A month later the child develops purulent eye infection and
eventually lost his sight. What could have caused this infection,
what is transmission route and how would you have prevented this
in the child?
 STATION 3

a)List and describe FIVE major

representatives of the human gut (apart
from representatives of
enterobacteriacea)[5]

b)With a history of the disease in the family,

a proudly Texilian student complains
 STATION 4

Enterobactericea are a common feature of animal

and human gut.
Describe the following:
a) Characteristic features of these organisms?[5]
b) Methods of differentiating members of this
family[5]
c) Diseases associated to E. coli and their
pathogenesis and differences of the same?
 STATION 5

Toxigenic organisms usually infect and cause

disease in the human gut.
a)What are toxins and how you would broadly
classify them giving examples of the same?[5]
b)Some of the produced toxins are able to activate
immune cells.
I. Describe the types of cells to be activated and
the attributes of the arm of immunity they
 STATION 6

 Chest X-ray is a radiographic tool that is used for

diagnosis of not just respiratory tract infection but
cancers also.
a) Using the same tool how would you differentiate between
PTB and Pneumonia?
b) What is the description of the two mentioned diseases?
c) Describe the four major causes of pneumonia and the
highest population at risk.
d) Give a detailed pathogenesis of PTB and Pneumonia.
 STATION 7

The lower respiratory tract is a sterile environment

and the presence of microbes in this region is an
indication of disease.

Describe the structural, functional and chemical attributes

of the respiratory tract that helps it fight the different
pathogens it is bombarded with.
[15]
 STATION 8
The lower respiratory tract is a sterile
environment and the presence of microbe in
this region is an indication of disease.

Describe the cellular attributes of the respiratory

tract and their produced molecules and how they
fight the different pathogens it is bombarded with.
[25]
 STATION 9

a) Describe famous aerobic and anaerobic

organisms to bring about disease in wounds?
[5]

b) Describe the pathogenesis of anaerobic

organisms and associated diseases and
prevention measures.
[15]

c) What are likely symptoms associated with the

The above image is depicting wound named diseases above?
infections. [5]
 STATION 10

a) How is an inflammatory response brought

about when there is a breach in the skin
[20]

b) What is the cause of the classical sings of

inflammation? [5]

The above image is depicting wound

infections.
END OF EXAM