Fundamentals of Deformable

Bodies
 Parts of the Model

Mass, Cables & Pulley Wheel

 The drum in our case is needed to change the linear free fall motion provided by the
mass to rotary motion in the shaft. The drum chosen is similar to a winch drum,
which will have to cables; one winding while simultaneously the other unwinds. This
is done so that after the mass has dropped to its least potential, the user can wind it up
again by unwinding the second cable. The diameter is estimated to be about 6cm in
the design. The first proposed design was to use a sprocket and chain but this proved
to be heavy due to the standards available are all made of steel.
 The hole for which the shaft would through will have a Sprag clutch bearing to fit in.
 To achieve the required input power a reasonable selected mass is a 10kg will be
suspended at a 2,5m height due to the safety and human factor consideration. The team
suggested using a bag to contain the mass. This will be enable assortments of objects
to be placed inside it to achieve the 10kg mass. The heights is selected by taking into
account an average normal persons weight and the average distance between the
grounds and ceiling floor of most rooms.
Sprag Clutch Bearing

 The Sprag clutch bearing is a one way free wheel clutch. It is necessary to
use this component because the drum needs to be disengaged from the
system when it needs to be unwound. Its location will be in between the
drum and the input shaft.
 Rotary Dumper

 To solve the problem free fall i.e; “g” acceleration of the dropping mass a rotary
damper is used in the machine. A rotary speed damper uses fluid resistance to counter
the acceleration by producing increasing counter torque at increasing velocities. The
reason this will produce a constant velocity from free-fall is because the counter torque
will increase if the velocity tends to go higher than the marked one. And from the
design we will see that the torque on the shaft remains constant and is only dependent
on the mass and drum radius. The concept is similar to that of a sky diver approaching
terminal velocity.
Spur Gear

 To transfer rotary motion from the drum input shaft, a simple spur gear
mesh will be used. The gearbox shaft is not aligned with the input shaft so
that it can be independent of the bending load in the input shaft. This will
greatly increase the life of the gearbox.
Planetary Gearset

 Due to the requirement of a high gear ratio of about 1;654, the type of gear
set that will meet this requirement and stay compact is the epicyclic or
planteray gear set. A worm gear couold not be used as we are trying to
achieve gear overdrive and not gear reduction. The interconnection between
the gearbox and the DC motor is made possible by the use of shaft couplers.
DC Motor

 A DC motor will be used instead of a dynamo, as they perform the

same purpose of a dynamo when its functionality is reversed. Since
the power requirements of the LED light is small the DC motor will
be enough to produce this amount of power. The selected DC motor
works at 6 V and 1600 mA. The motor has a No Load Speed of
625rpm and Stall Torque value of 0.106 Nm [12].
LED

 The project members aim to power up 2 white LEDs to its maximum

luminance. The total power required to power up each LED was calculated
to be 0.144 watts considering a maximum voltage input of 3.6V and 20mA
for each LED as seen in Figure 8. The reason why a white LED was chosen,
is because it contains all the colors of the spectrum and is the preferred
lighting color by most people.
Engineering Standards

Cable
 The linking element between the drum the sand bag needs to be light
and small yet strong with minimal flexibility to minimize oscillations.
The logical choice here is to use a steel cable. The cable chosen from
Sennaroglu LTD has a dimensions of 6m in length and 2mm in
diameter is in accordance to DIN 3053 standards.
Sprag Clutch

 When winding the cable back to perform another round, the drum needs
to be disengaged from the gearbox to prevent uncontrolled power
transmission to the fears and LED. The Sprag clutch chosen is from
DXBL. Company from Taiwan and bought from eBay and are in
accordance with DIN 6885 and 5GS standards.
Input Shaft

 In the case of the GPG project the shaft to be used is categorized as

a transmission shaft. The loading on this shaft are torsion due to the
transmitted torque from the falling weight as well as bending from
transverse loads at the gears attached to the shaft.