GENERALIST

SOCIAL WORK
PRACTICE AND THE
HISTORY OF
SOCIAL WORK
 GENERALIST PRACTICE OR GENERALIST
PERSPECTIVE
What is generalist practice or the generalist perspective?
-The profession defines itself as focusing on the person and
environment in interaction, and social work practitioners attend to
factors ranging from individual needs to broad social policies. The
generalist perspective provides a conceptual framework that allows
the social worker the versatility necessary to engage in practice of
such broad scope.”
Generalist Practice or GENERALIST PERSPECTIVE

The Generalist Practice Model

The use of the problem solving method or
multiple interventions in working with
clients at the individual, family, group,
organizational, community, or societal level;
Method of utilizing your skills and
knowledge base about different populations
and different issues at many different levels.
 GENERALIST SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE

DIRECT SERVICE PROVIDER SYSTEM LINKAGE ROLE

Caseworker Educator Case Manager/Coordinator
Counselor/Therapist Group worker Broker Mediator/Arbitrator
Marital/Family Therapist Advocate

SOCIAL
SYSTEM
WORKER
SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
DEVELOPER Program ROLES
developer Policy and Organizational Assessor
Procedure Developer Facilitator/Expediter Team
Advocate member Consultant/Consultee

RESEARCHER
Research consume
 HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF CASEWORK:
HIGHLIGHTING CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN AND MEN
 THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE UNITED STATES
In 1877 USA established American Charity Organization Society.
-aims of the society was to find out the ways and means of helping the poor and needy and thus to
organize individualized service. The society used volunteers called
“FRIENDLY VISITORS”
- this is what the society used to call them
-They were kindhearted volunteers who visited poor families to assess their needs and to provide
help, guidance and advice.
-They made their visits in act of charity and not expecting any monetary rewards. --They collected
data about the needy individuals and families and helped them after assessing their needs.
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE UNITED STATES
-In 1879 formulated the plan for the establishment of a training school
applied Philanthropy, which led to the organization of first social work
courses in new York.
-In1880, Mary Ellen Richmond and other practitioners began to formulate a
more scientific problem-solving theory based on their observations and
experiences. To enhance social work practice, particularly casework,
Richmond strongly recommended a thorough investigation into the life of
the individual who was in need of help. The findings of what was to be
called later “data gathering” would serve as the basis of “social
diagnosis”-knowledge and understanding of the client’s problem.
-Founded the social case work first method in social work practice
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE UNITED STATES

Clara Barton
◦ During the Civil War, Clara Barton, a recording clerk, was
appalled by the conditions under which soldiers were treated
after being wounded in battle and decided to take matters
into her own hands. By the end of the war, she was known
as the "Angel of the Battlefield," and "her boys," as the
soldiers were affectionately known, sung her praises far and
wide. This selfless woman then eschewed starting a family in
favor of going overseas to study the Swiss Red Cross. She
founded the American Red Cross in 1881 at the age of 60
and played a crucial role in shaping the organization.
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE UNITED STATES
◦ Jane Addams (in early 1900s)
◦ An inspiration to social workers around the
globe, Jane Addams chose to voluntarily live
with the poorest Americans to understand their
plight.
◦ Advocate social justice and improving lives of
the working poor
◦ First paid social worker
◦ Addams was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in
1931.
 THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE UNITED STATES
◦ Jeannette Rankin
◦ A Biologist and enter program of social work in 1908
◦ In 1916, she became the first woman elected to Congress, and
she was the only member of Congress to vote against World
Wars I and II. In addition to being a well-known pacifist, she
worked tirelessly in the women's suffrage movement.
◦ Rankin paved the way for the generations of future female
social workers
◦ In 1919, she was selected to serve on the Women's
International Conference for Peace. Dedicated to social
causes and pacifism throughout her life, she opposed the
Korean and Vietnam Wars as an elderly woman.
 THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE UNITED STATES
◦ Edward Thomas Devine
◦ After earning a PhD in economics in 1919, Edward Devine took
what he had learned and applied it to the burgeoning field of
social work. Early in his career, he focused his efforts on
children's welfare and on housing for the poor. While serving as
president of New York City's Charity Organization Society,
he assigned volunteers to act as agents. These professionals are
widely regarded as being pre-cursors to modern-day social
workers. Devine also left his mark by being the first to use the
term "case work," which is also where the term "case worker"
originated.
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE UNITED STATES
◦ Harry Hopkins
◦ devoted the majority of his life to trying to improve the lives of others
who were less fortunate. He worked closely with President Franklin D.
Roosevelt to develop important New Deal initiatives like the Federal
Emergency Relief Administration and the Works Progress
Administration.
◦ He moved to New Orleans to manage the American Red Cross' Gulf
Division after working as the bureau's secretary in New York City.
Additionally, he drafted the American Association of Social Workers'
official charter and was elected its president in 1923.Learn more about
these groundbreaking social workers if you're considering a career in
social work. Their experiences will undoubtedly inspire you to complete
the necessary preparation and education as well as to recognize the
incredible benefits of dedicating your life to such noble activity.
HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES
THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES
◦ Founded in Manila Philippines on 1917.
◦ A family welfare agency considered as the
"mother" of social work profession in the
Philippines
◦ First to use casework as method of helping people
◦ First to use social workers as full-time, paid
employees
◦ First to hire a trained social worker as its
executive secretary
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES

JOSEFA JARA MARTINEZ

◦ A government Pensionada
◦ Obtained Diploma of Social Work at New York School of Social Work in 1921
◦ Mother of Social Work Profession in the Philippines
◦ first filipina social Worker.
Other pioneers in Social Work
◦ Minerva G. Laudico-Bachelor of Science in Education, Centro Escolar University,
1932. Certified in social work, National Catholic School Social Service, 1935.

◦ Olympia U. Lozano-the first Filipinos to initiate efforts in helping the juveniles in

Manila. She established the Council for Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, which
primary goal was to serve as a nucleus for the Boys town.
◦ Virginia Abellera-Pena - in the government sector, she introduced new concepts in
child welfare work and Pioneers in Social Work.
◦ Asuncion A. Perez- took social work courses in the US and took over Martinez' job at
the Associated Charities in Manila and red cross on 1924
◦ Felicidad A. De Silva-country’s first professional social worker with a master’s degree.
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Dr. Jose Fabella
- the Father of Philippine Social Welfare
- He is the director of Bureau of Public welfare in PH
In 1925, He initiated and introduced Psychiatric social work was in Welfareville School in
Mandaluyong, then the seat of government child rearing institution.
-The first one who recognized social work as a helping profession.
Who allotted a big amount of budget for:
-Given scholarship grants
-Established Social health Service
-Housing Committee
-Unemployment Committee
-National Emergency Relief Board
◦ 1930's
◦ The Associated Charities was already employing college graduates as home
visitors who provided in-serving training.
◦ Non-degree social work courses were then being offered at the University of
the Philippines

Casework practice gained momentum after World War II as a result of the many
war victims who suffered materially and emotionally.
War Relief Office (WRO) operated under the Social Welfare Commission
which had replaced the Bureau of Public Welfare. Its workers were now known
as Social Workers.
The Department of Health contributed to the further use of social casework
when in 1954 it issued a circular requiring national, provincial, city and
emergency hospitals to employ social workers.
 THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES

◦ PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE 1930's

◦ Catholic Women's League and the National
Federation of Women's Club were employing
trained social workers as executive secretaries
◦ several Filipino women went to the United
States to pursue academic training in social
work.
◦ WAR RELIEF OFFICE
◦ Social welfare volunteers as well as paid workers
devoted their efforts in responding to the needs of
wounded soldiers and civilians, providing medical
and material assistance and other war-related
activities.
◦ The War Relief Office was established in 1946 to
provide relief and rehabilitation services to war
victims
◦ Resulted in the employment of more social
workers, with full or little college education.
◦ none of the 60 people occupying
social work positions had any formal
training in SW
◦ later employed "relief grantees", who
had by then obtained formal
education in SW, due to the need for
more direct service workers
◦ hired in response to increased need
for direct service workers
◦ they obtained formal education in
social work
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES
◦ Technical Assistance Program
◦ Philippine Relief and Trade Rehabilitation Administration
(PRATRA) sought assistance from UN in response to the
sudden increase in the number of untrained people engaged in
social work functions
◦ 2 UN Experts arrived in the Philippines to conduct series of
social casework institutes to workers of PRATRA, WRO,
SWC.
◦ Fellowships abroad were provided for key personnel of social
welfare agencies
 THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES
◦ ESTABLISHMENT OF PACSA
◦ President Elpidio Quirino established
the President's Action Committee on
Social Amelioration (PACSA) in 1948.
◦ A community development agency to
help with the problem of social unrest in
the countryside
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES
◦ formed in 1947 by Social workers who had gone to
the United States before the war to pursue social
work education
◦ to nurture the development of the social work
profession.
◦ formal education for social work was not yet
available in the country
◦ Establishment of PASWI (Philippine Association of
Social Workers Incorporated)
THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES
◦ The PSSW (Philippine School of Social Work)
University of the Philippines
Centro Escolar University
University of Santo Tomas
◦ pioneering professional school of social work in the Philippines
◦ established in 1950 and offered:
◦ 1-year degree program - MA Social Administration
◦ 2 year degree - Masters of Social Work
◦ its first director was Josefa Jara Martinez
 THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK
IN THE PHILIPPINES
◦ CIVIL SERVICE EXAMS
◦ Qualifying exams for people going into social work in the
government services was given in 1956.
◦ In response to the request of Social Welfare Commission and
PASWI
◦ Only a handful had formal training
◦ Those with field experience or service in a social welfare agency
were accepted as qualifications for taking the exams.
◦ Unfortunately, there was no recognition of social work as a
profession
Sen. Maria Kalaw- Katigbak,
who authored the Social Work Law, had her roots in Iloilo
City. Sen. Maria Kalaw- Katigbak, who held the distinction
as the lone woman member of the Philippine Senate (1961 up
to 1963), is a daughter of Pura Villanueva Kalaw, a renown
Ilongga feminist/suffragist and writer. She organized the first
ever feminist group in the Philippines, the Asociacion
Feminista Ilonga.
 Philippines
1965

Passage of RA 4373, An Act to Regulate the Practice of Social Work and the
Operation of Social Work Agencies in the Philippines

Completion of Bachelor of Science in Social Work degree

• 1,000 hours of supervised field practice

Passing of a government board examination in Social Work for licensing or

registration as a social worker