Alternative arrangements for sewage

disposal
-by Saksham Goyal
Introduction

• The science of sewage disposal is perhaps the most

helpful in managing diseases. By eliminating
wastes carried by water, such as minute dissolved
materials, solid matter like human excreta, toxic
chemicals, and bacteria, sewage disposal protects a
society's water supply. Constructing septic tanks to
collect human waste is one possibility for making
the arrangement for sewage disposal.
 What is sewage

• Sewage includes a complex mixture of saprophytes, bacteria,

microorganisms, and organic and inorganic impurities that cause several
disorders.
What is Alternative • To improve sanitation low alternative

arrangement of arrangement for sewage disposal should be

used.
sewage disposal • Such arrangement includes septic tanks,
Vermi-processing toilets, biogas plants, etc.
 What is Vermi-processing toilets

• A design of a toilet in which human excreta is treated by earthworms is

called as verm-processing toilet.
• It has been found to be a novel, low water-use toilet for safe processing of
human waste.
• The human excreta is completely converted to vermi cakes a resource much
needed for soil
 Working of vermi-processing toilets

• Earthworms turn human excreta into a cake of vermin which serves a good
variety of natural manure. It provides the proper disposal of human excreta
thus avoiding pollution of the ecosystem outside
 What Is A Septic Tank

• A septic tank is an underwater sedimentation tank used for waste water treatment through the process of
biological decomposition and drainage.

• A septic tank makes use of natural processes & proven technology to treat wastewater from household
plumbing produced by bathrooms, kitchen drains,and laundry.
Working of septic
tank

• The septic tank is a buried, water-tight

container usually made of concrete, fiberglass,
or polyethylene. Its job is to hold the
wastewater long enough to allow solids to
settle down to the bottom forming sludge,
while the oil and grease floats to the top as
scum.
 What is a Biogas plant

• Biogas is a mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the

absence of oxygen. It mainly consists of carbon dioxide and methane.
• Biogas can be produced from raw materials like agricultural waste, manure, plant
material, etc. It is a renewable source of energy, also known as “Gobar Gas”.
 Working of biogas
plant
• The inlet of the biogas plant is the mixing tank. In this mixing
tank, the biomass is mixed with the water to form a slurry. A slurry
is a composition of the water and the cow dung (biomass). The
mixing tank is also called the slurry region. Then, this slurry enters
the digester.
• The digester (air-tight chamber) is an area with the absence of the
oxygen (basically an anaerobic region) and the presence of
microorganisms (the anaerobic bacteria). These bacteria are
capable of decomposing the substances in absence of oxygen.
• Thus, these microorganisms in the digester, decompose the
biomass, that is, breaks down the complex substance into basic
substances like methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen
sulfide. These gases produced are stored in the gas tank and
wherever required, these gases are taken out through the gas
outlet.
• The other side products, other than the gas, produced during the
decomposition of biomass are substances like manure and the
fertilizers.
 The Principle of Biogas Plant

• The principle of a biogas plant is to produce the gasses like methane and
other side products like carbon dioxide, etc by decomposing (breaking
down the complex substances into the simple/basic substances) the biomass
(the organic matter - the natural substances obtained from the plants and
animals, such as the cow dung, the vegetable waste) in the absence of air
(the anaerobic fermentation) and presence of the water.