Monu Singh

Rajput
#Presentation session
“Opportunities don't happen, you create them.”
Presentation on
Disk Structure And Algorithms
Created by Monu Singh
Submitted to Mr. Akhil Sharma

Let’s Start
 Spindal Actuator Arm
Components Of Disk Drive
 Spindle: Central shaft that holds and rotates

the platters.

 Platter: Circular magnetic disk storing data.

Track & sector
 Track & Sector: Tracks are concentric circles

on platters storing data, divided into sectors

for data organization.

 Actuator Arm: Mechanism moving the read-

write head to access specific tracks.

 Read-Write Head: Device reading and Read / write head

Platter
writing data on the platter's surface.
 S e e k T i m e

1 The time it takes for the read/write heads to

move to the desired track on the disk to read
or write data.

R o t a t i o n
T i m e
The time it takes for the desired disk sector to rotate under
the read/write heads once they are positioned on the correct
track.
2 Disk
Tr a n s f e r T i m e
Access
3 The time it takes to read or write the actual data
once the read/write heads are in the correct
position.
time

4
To t a l S t o r a g e C a p a c i t y
Number of Platters * Sectors per Track *
Bytes per Sector * Number of Recording Surfaces
 Disk scheduling algorithms

C-SCAN
FCFS 1 4

SSTF 2 5 LOOK

SCAN 3 6 C- LOOK
First Come
First Serve
Example: Total head movements,
Let's take a disk with 180 tracks (0- The initial head point is 45,
179) and the disk queue having = (110 – 45 ) + (110 - 38) + (156 - 38) + (156 -
input/output requests in the following 68) + (172-68) +(172-10)
order: 81, 110, 38, 156, 68, 172, 92, 10. =65 + 72 + 118 + 88 + 104 + 162
The initial head position of the Read/Write = 609
head is 45. Find the total number of track
movements of the Read/Write head using
the FCFS algorithm
0 15 39 45 50 67 87 110 156 172 179 Example:
Let's take an example to understand the SSTF Disk
Scheduling Algorithm. Let's take a disk
with 180 tracks (0-179) and the disk queue
having i/o requests in the following order :
87,110,50,172,67,156,39,15. the initial head
SSTF
position of r/w head is 45 and will move in the left-
hand side direction. Find the total number of
Total head movements, track movements of the r/w head using the SSTF
Initial head point is 45, algorithm.
= (50-45) +(50-15)+(172-15)
= 5 + 35 + 157
= 197
0 10 40 45 50 65 75 90 135 170 179

SCAN
Example:
Let's take a disk with 180 tracks (0-179) and the
disk queue having input/output requests in the
following order: 75, 90, 40, 135, 50, 170, 65, 10.
The initial head position of the Read/Write head
is 45 and will move on the left-hand side. Find the
Total head movements, total number of track movements of the Read/Write
Initial head point is 45, head using the SCAN algorithm.
= (45-0) + (170-0)
= 45 + 170
= 215
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