Education System

Levels of formal schooling in the educational system are as follows:

 Primary Level
 Secondary Level
 Tertiary Level
Primary Level
 Is composed usually of Pre-Primary (Play-School, Pre-K, Kindergarten) and
the Primary Level.

 In the Philippines, the label primary level refers to elementary level.

 The Elementary level has two sub-levels; primary grades (kindergarten to

Grade 4) and the intermediate grades (Grade 5 and Grade 6).
Secondary Level
 Across the ASEAN it is composed of Junior High School and the Senior High
School.

 In some countries such as Lower Secondary level is three years with Grade
7, 8, and 9 while the upper secondary level is composed of Grades 10, 11
and 12.

 In the Philippines, the Junior High School is composed of Grade 7 ,8, 9, and
10 while Grades 11 and 12 belong to the Senior High school.
Variations in the number of years in basic education level across
the ASEAN members
Variations Levels of Schooling and Number of Years

Primary/ Lower Upper Total number Countries (as

Elementary Secondary Secondary of Years of 2013)

Version 1 5 years 4 years 3 years 12 years Lao PDR

Version 2 5 years 4 years 2 years 11 years Myanmar

Version 3 6 years 3 years 2 years 11 years Malaysia

Version 4 6 years 3 years 3 years 12 years Brunei,

Cambodia,
Indonesia,
Thailand,
Vietnam
Version 5 6 years 4 years 2 years 12 years Singapore,
Philippines
Tertiary Level
 It is the ladder of educational system where the student earns a bachelor’s
degree in teacher education, which is a requirement to take a licensure
examination to become a professional teacher.

 In the Philippines, the Technical Education Skills and Development Authority

(TESDA) provides diploma and training certificates for lifelong learning.
The Teacher Professionals Across the ASEAN

Academic Preparation of Teacher Professionals in the Basic Education

 In remote places of Lao PDR, Indonesia, Myanmar and Cambodia, pre-school,

pre primary of kindergarten future teachers can have 9 years of basic
education (Grade 9) and get an advanced training for 3 years to become
teachers (9years of basic education + 3 years teacher preparation) or over 10
years of basic education plus 3 years of teacher preparation.
 For teachers of lower secondary level, future teachers should have 12 years of
basic education and 2 years of teacher preparation to earn a Diploma in
Teaching.

 For upper secondary level, the requirement is 12 years basic education plus 4
to 5 years of teacher preparation to earn a Bachelor’s degree.

 For non-education degree graduates they can take the post graduate diploma
in Education/Teaching. This will mean an equivalent to 12 years basic
education plus 4 to 5 years Baccalaureate Degree plus one year of Graduate
Diploma.
Components of Teacher Preparation

Four important components which are being addressed in the preparation of

teachers:

 General knowledge and understanding - What to Know about Oneself and

World

 Pedagogy - How to Teach

 Teaching Practicum/Experiential Learning - Immersion to the real world of

teaching/Practicum/Teaching Internship

 Specialized knowledge/Major courses - What to teach in specific discipline

or subject area
Several standards and competencies were developed as a guide for all teachers.
The most common standards revolve around or anchor on the following domains:

 Skills in the 21st Century

 Professionalism and accountability
 Pedagogical competence
 Teachers characteristics/qualities
 Knowledge competence
The Teaching Profession Practices in the ASEAN

There are three major responsibilities of professional teachers across the different
countries. These are (1) Actual Teaching. (2) Management of learning and (3)
Administrative work.

 Actual Teaching - refers to the time of engagement of the teacher with the
learners.

 Administrative work - refers to the teachers’ job that includes writing test
items, checking and recording of test paper results, attending to parents,
making reports and other related activities.
Salary of the teachers:

 ASEAN teachers’ salary ranges from as low as USD 120.50 to as high as USD
2, 589.00 per month or even higher

 In Singapore which is around $45, 755.00 per year according to the Global
Teacher Status Index Report.

 Salary is based on qualification, teaching experiences and level or grade

assigned.
Teacher Licensing and Requirement

 Philippines - Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)

 Singapore - National Institute for Education (NIE)
 Thailand - Teacher Education Council (Khurusapha)
 Indonesia - Akta IV teacher license is given by the teacher colleges for an
authority to teach.

In other countries where is no licensing provided, certification is issued instead.

This is done by the Ministry of Education or the teacher education colleges or
universities.
 Countries Educational system Teacher licensing / requirement

China • Primary education – 6 years • The examinations are

• Junior middle school – 3 standardized for the
years secondary teachers by the
• Senior middle school – 3 central Government, while
years examination for the
• University – 6 years elementary are the
responsibility of each
province.
• Primary teachers should have
at least graduate from
secondary normal schools or
senior secondary school.
• The junior secondary
teachers shall graduate from
a normal university or teacher
colleges and holder of
degrees from tertiary
institutions
 Countries Educational system Teacher licensing / requirement

Japan • Administered by the • First class certificate is

Mombusho or Ministry of
Education
• Kindergarten, elementary
school – 6 years
• Lower secondary school – 3
years
• Upper secondary school – 3
years
• University – usually around 4
years
issued to teach in the
preschool, elementary or
secondary teachers with
basic qualification of having
earned a Bachelor’s Degree.
• To teach in the upper
secondary level, the basic
qualification in Master’s
degree.
• Second Class Certificate
has a basic qualification of 2
years of study (62 credit
units) in a university or other
post-secondary institution.
• To teach in the secondary
level without a Master’s
degree, the Second-Class
Certificate will be issued.
 Countries
USA ( United States of America)
Educational system
• Pre-primary education –
duration is 2 years
• Primary education -
elementary school
• Middle school education -
Grades 4-6, 5-7 or 6-8
• Secondary education - high
school – Grades 7-12 or 8-12
• Junior high school - Grades
1-8, 7-9, or 8
• Senior high school - Grades
9-12, or 10-12
Teacher licensing / requirement
• Earning Teaching
Certificates - United States
of America has a
decentralized educational
system and each State
Education Agency (SEA) has
its own guidelines and
requirements for earning and
maintaining a teaching
certificate.
• Recruitment of Teachers -
After following the successful
completion of an application
process, a superintendent
approves the applicant and
then forwards a
recommendation to hire to
the local school board.
 Countries Educational system
Australia • Primary school – 7 or 8
years
• Secondary school – 4 years
• Senior secondary school –
2 years
• Tertiary education
Teacher licensing / requirement
• You must a 4 year
undergraduate teaching
degree as a BA, BSC,
bachelor of education BEd or
a 3 year bachelor degree
followed by a one year
postgraduate teaching
certificate PGDE, PGCE.
• There are three main types of
higher education which lead
to Bachelor, Master and
Doctoral Degrees.
 Countries Educational system
Singapore • primary school – 6 years
• secondary school – 4 to 6
years
• postsecondary school – 1
to 3 years
• The higher education in
Singapore is mainly divided
into four levels: Institute of
Technical Education,
polytechnics, public
universities and private
institutions.
Teacher licensing / requirement
• For the majority of teaching
positions in Singapore, a
Bachelor’s degree is
essential. For roles in public
and international schools, a
degree in education or your
subject area is strongly
preferred.
• To be certified as a teacher or
educator in kindergartens and
childcare centers in
Singapore, you must meet
the professional, academic,
and language requirements.
 Countries Educational system Teacher licensing / requirement
Philippines • Primary School (Primary • The standard teaching
Education) – K to 6 credential in the Philippines is
• Junior High School (Lower a four – year bachelor’s
Secondary Education) – 7 degree.
to 10 • The Philippines Teachers
• Senior High School (Upper Professionalization Act of
Secondary Education) – 11 1994 requires all persons
to 12 engaged in teaching,
supervision, and
administration of all
elementary and secondary
 Countries Teachers Salaries

China  First category is gongban (state-paid) -

teachers who earns salary comparable with
other state employees in state-owned
enterprises.

 Second category is the minban (community-

paid) - teacher who are paid by local
community depending on the community
income.

Japan  According to the Global Teacher Status Index

in 2013, the average annual salary of teachers
in Japanese is equivalent to $43,775.00
annually, which is second to Singapore.

USA (United States of America)  The average according to the Global teacher
Status report, the average income of teachers
$44,917.00.
 Countries Teachers Salaries
Australia  The average teacher salary in Australia is $87,
590 per year or $44, 92 per hour.

 Entry – level positions start at $ 71, 280, per

year, while most experience workers make up
to $150, 540 per year.

Singapore  A person working as a teacher in Singapore

typically earns around 5, 850 SGD per month.
Salaries range from 2, 870 SGD (lowest) to 9,
130 SGD ( highest).

 Teacher salaries vary drastically based on

experience, skills, gender, or location.

Philippines  A person working as a teacher in Philippines

typically earns around 31, 100 PHP per
month. Salaries range from 14, 300 PHP
(lowest) to 49, 500 PHP (highest).
Thanks for listening !!
Presentation by
Group 6