Power System Analysis

12.4 DOUBLE LINE-TO-GROUND FAULTS

(LLG)

Done by:
1-Omair_ Abdul Qawi _Abdo_ Hamid. 202073066.
2-Akram Nasser Anbar. 202073401.

Supervisor:
Dr. Mohammed Aliadomi
Double Line-to-Ground Faults
• With a double line-to-ground (DLG) fault two line
conductors come in contact both with each other
and ground. We'll assume these are phases b and c.

f f f f f
Ia 0 Vbg  Vcg  Z f ( Ib  Ic )
2
DLG Faults, cont'd

From the current relationships we get

 I af  1 1 
1  If
0

 f   2  
 Ib   1    I f 
 f  1  2 
 I c     I f 
 
Since I af  0  I 0f  I f  I f  0
Note, because of the path to ground the zero
sequence current is no longer zero.

3
DLG Faults, cont'd

From the voltage relationships we get

V f0  1 1 
1  agV f 
  1    
V f   1   2  Vbgf  
  3
 1  2    f 
V f    Vbg 
f f  
Since Vbg  Vcg  Vf  Vf
Then Vbgf  V f0  ( 2   )V f
But since 1     2  0   2    1
Vbgf  V f0  V f
4
DLG Faults, cont'd
Vbgf  V f0  V f
 Z f ( I bf  I cf )
Also, since
I bf  I 0f   2 I f   I f
I cf  I 0f   I f   2 I f
Adding these together (with    2  -1)
f 0   0  
Vbg  Z f (2 I f  If  If ) with If  I f  If
V f0  V f  3Z f I 0f
5
DLG Faults
• The first step in the analysis of unbalanced faults is
to assemble the three sequence networks. For
example, for the earlier single generator, single
motor example let’s develop the sequence networks

6
Create Thevenin Equivalents
• To do further analysis we first need to calculate the
thevenin equivalents as seen from the fault location.
In this example the fault is at the terminal of the right
machine so the thevenin equivalents are:

7
DLG Faults
• Positive, negative and zero sequence networks
are connected in parallel, with the zero sequence
network including three times the fault
impedance


 V 1.050
If    0

Z  Z ( Z  3Z f ) j 0.1389  j 0.092
 4.547  0 8
 DLG Faults


 V 1.050

If    V 0   1.050
V
f  e1 – ( I f V* Z ) Z ( Z0  3Z 1.05
1.05  4.547   90   j 0.1389  )  0  j 0.092
j 0.1389
0.4184
I f     Z0  Z ( Z  3Z f ) j 0.1389  j 0.092 f
Z 1.05  3
Z4.547 Zjf2.874 j 0.1389 0.4184
 -1)I f Z Vf0.4184 / (j0.1456
4.547 )900j 0.1389 j 0.092
 4.547  0
withFrom IIfIf fcurrent
II0f0f  the
 4.547  0 I If f0.4184 / j 0.1456
relationships
j 4.547  jget
 j 2.874
we 2.874
 j1.673
f  I 0   I   I  fIj 04.547
Converting
Ia f 1to phase: 1f 1f I b f1.04  j2.874
j 6.82 j1.673
 f  2  f   f
 1  tophase:
 I b  Converting Ic I f1.04  j 6.82
Ib  1.04  j 6.82
 f  2  f
 I c  1     I f  I c  1.04  j 6.82
Since I af  0  I 0f  I f  I f  0
9
Example 1:

10
Example 1 Solution

Positive Sequence Network

Negative Sequence Network

11
Example 1 Solution

Zero Sequence Network

12
Example 1 Solution
• To do further analysis we first need to calculate the
thevenin equivalents as seen from the fault location.
In this example the fault is at the terminal of the right
machine so the thevenin equivalents are:

13
Example 1 Solution
• The three sequence networks are joined as
follows

Assuming Zf=0, then


 V 1.050
If    0

Z  Z ( Z  3Z f ) j 0.1389  j 0.092
 4.547  0
14
Example 1 Solution

V f  1.05  4.547  90  j 0.1389  0.4184

I f  0.4184 / j 0.1456  j 2.874
0  
If  I f  If  j 4.547  j 2.874  j1.673
Converting to phase: I bf  1.04  j 6.82
f
Ic  1.04  j 6.82
15
Example 2:

16
Example 2:

17
Examples:

1-The sequence components of the fault

current are as follows: I positivej 1.5 pu,
I negative= - j 0.5 pu, I zero = -j1pu. The
type of fault in the system is
1. LG
2. LL
3. LLG
4. LLLG
Answer Option 3 : LLG
Following Examples:
2-A fault occurring at the terminals of an unloaded AC generator operating at
its rated voltage has
resulted in the following sequence currents and voltages. What is the type of
fault?
Positive sequence current = j 3 p.u
Negative sequence current = -5.5 p.u
Zero sequence current = j 2.5 p.u
Positive sequence voltage = 2 p.u
Negative sequence voltage = 2 p.u
Zero sequence voltage = 2 p.u
1. Line to Line Fault.
2. Line-Line-Ground Fault.
3. Open Circuit Fault.
Answer
Option 2 : Line-Line-Ground Fault
Following Examples:

3-The fault current, in a double line to ground fault on a

system depends on
A.z1, z2 and z0.
B.z1 and z2 only.
C.z2 and z0 only.
D.does not depend on any of them.
4-If all the sequence voltages at the fault point in a power
system are equal, then fault is __________
a) LLG fault.
b) Line to Line fault.
c) Three phase to ground fault.
d) LG fault.
Answer: a
Following Examples:

5-The most severe unsymmetrical fault is

a. singleline-to-ground fault.
b. line-to-linefault.
c. doubleline-to-ground fault.
d. none of above.
ANSWER: double line-to-ground fault
Following Examples:

6-For a double line-to-ground fault through

a fault impedance ZF, the sequence networks
are to be connected _____________, at the
fault terminal; additionally, _________ is
to be included in series with the zero-
sequence network. Fill in the Blanks.
Following Examples:

7-The´venin equivalent sequence networks looking

into the faulted bus of a power system
are given with Z1 =j0:15, Z=j0:15, Z0 =j0:2,
and E1=1 per unit. Compute
the fault currents and voltages for the following
faults occurring at the faulted bus:
(a) Double line-to-ground fault.
END