Sentiment Analysis of Tweets during Karnataka State Election 2023 Using Hybrid Approach
Pushpa , Department of Data Analytics, Dublin Business School
Abstract
The proliferation of smartphones, fast internet and Twitter forms an
absolute breeding ground for important political discussion and
form an opinion. India is one of the largest democracies in the
world and it would be interesting to see if the opinion formed over
social media is also reflected in elections. This proposal intends to
study sentiment analysis of tweets related to the Karnataka State
elections 2023 using a hybrid approach. The approach combines
both lexicon-based techniques and Machine learning techniques to
improve the correct classification of sentiments. It involves
lexicon-based techniques to pre-process the data and then apply
machine learning algorithms to classify its sentiment. It will be
analyzed if the hybrid approach will outperform both the lexicon-
based and machine-learning approaches individually in terms of F-
1, accuracy, precision and recall. The findings of the study are
useful to understand the public’s overall opinion toward political
parties, candidates and election issues. Therefore, the political
parties can monitor, evaluate and adjust their communication tactics
and tailor their campaign strategies. This study is extremely useful
to political analysts who can predict election results with a
reasonable degree of accuracy.
Index Terms— Sentiment analysis, Hybrid approach, lexicon-
based technique, Machine learning techniques
Introduction
India is the world’s largest and most vibrant democracy of the
world. The reason lies in the diversity with a population of 1.3
billion with 28 states and 8 union territories, 22 official languages,
and 6 national and 57 regional parties. The motivation to carry out
sentiment analysis for Karnataka State Election 2023 lies in the
complex electoral system of India where several political parties
and alliances competing for seats in parliament/ assembly making it
difficult to predict the outcome of the election.
In the Indian political context, the Karnataka State election 2023 is
a significant event as Karnataka is one of the key states in India
with a total of 28 Lok Sabha seats. The upcoming state assembly
election will be held to elect the 224 members of the Legislative
Assembly of Karnataka. The election is expected to take place in
May 2023, and several political parties have already started
preparing for the same. In the light of the motivation to study the
sentiment of tweets from Karnataka State Election 2023, the study
proposes the following hypothesis –
Hypothesis 1: Will the sentiment expressed towards political parties
in tweets during the Karnataka State Election 2023 be reflective of
the actual election results?
Hypothesis 2: How does the sentiment of tweets related to the
Karnataka State Election 2023 vary across different regions of the
state?
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Hypothesis 3: Can a hybrid approach for sentiment analysis of tweets during Karnataka State Election 2023 improve the accuracy of sentiment
classification and provide insights into the public opinion and sentiment towards political parties and candidates?
Background Work
Sentiment analysis is a process of determining the polarity of a
text, which can be positive, negative, or neutral. Previous studies
have employed both supervised machine learning techniques that
rely on features extracted from corpora for classifier training and
lexicon-based methods that use pre-defined lexicon resources such
as sentiWordNet, AFFIN, Text Blob, and LIWC.
A large number of the literature review is available in the public
domain, and a few have been studied before proposing this
proposal. Ligthart et al wrote a review paper “Systematic reviews
in sentiment analysis: a tertiary study” where he referenced about
200 research papers published between 2013-2019 presents an
overview of the current application of machine learning models
and corresponding challenges in sentiment analysis. Santos et al.
wrote a review paper “A Survey on the use of Data and opinion
mining in social media to political electoral outcomes prediction
” where they conducted a systematic review on social media-based
mechanisms used to predict political outcomes, the quantity of
collected data, the specific social media used, the collection
period, the algorithms and approaches adopted. And limitations
and lines for further research on this topic.
Methodology
The methodology for the proposed study would involve the
following steps:
i.) Collection of tweets related to the Karnataka State Election 2023
using Twitter API (Application Programming Interface)
ii) Data Pre-processing of collected tweets by removing noise,
performing tokenization, stop word removal, and stemming to
obtain clear text data.
A detailed EDA of election tweets is proposed to answer the
following -
a) Exploring tweets based on geo data
b) Languages used in tweets
c) State wise tweets in favor of various political parties
d) Count of tweets per day/week
e) Sentiment of tweets with regard to political parties
f) What are the most trending issues among the public during
election?
10610624@mydbs.ie
iii.) Sentiment Analysis Using a hybrid approach which uses
lexicon-based techniques to pre-process the data and then
applying appropriate machine learning algorithms to classify the
sentiment of those tweets .
iv.)Evaluation of the performance of the hybrid approach by
measuring accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score using appropriate
evaluation metrics
v.) Comparison of performance of the hybrid approach with other
sentiment analysis approaches used in previous studies to determine
its effectiveness in analysing sentiments of tweets during the
Karnataka State Election 2023.
vi.) Visualization of the sentiment analysis results using appropriate
charts and graphs to provide insights into the public sentiment
towards the election candidates and parties.
vii )Interpretation of results to provide insights into the strengths and
weaknesses of different candidates and parties, the issues that matter
most to the public, and the overall sentiment towards the election.
Work Flow Diagram
Results & Discussion
The comparative study critically analyses the results of traditional
and hybrid models, based on the appropriate performance matrix.
Additionally, the study analyses the factors that contribute to the
accuracy of each model. The ultimate goal of the study would be
to identify the effectiveness of the hybrid approach for sentiment
analysis of tweets related to the Karnataka State Election 2023.
Future Work
The proposed approach relies solely on Twitter data for sentiment
analysis. Future work may integrate data from other sources, such
as news articles to improve the accuracy of sentiment analysis.
Additionally, analysing the impact of sentiment on election
outcomes, such as voter turnout or party vote share would further
advance the field of sentiment analysis.
References
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