-Self Awareness

- Stress Management
-Morals Values & Ethics
Morality
Morality is based on
• Rights and wrongs of human behaviour based
on one’s conscience and guided by values not
legalities or custom.

• A thought, word or deed is considered morally

good if it agrees with the general perception of
what is right and wrong.
– Ex: lying for selfish ends is considered
immoral and a flaw in character
Moral Absolutism Vs Moral Relativism
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=DxhsYTlBNG8
Moral Absolutism
• The criteria for determining what is morally
right or wrong are universal.
• Here moral rules in a given situation can be
applied to everyone across borders and
cultures.
• Some actions are immoral regardless of their
consequences or circumstances.
• UN declaration of fundamental human rights is
an attempt at defining some absolute moral
rules.
Arguments against moral absolutism
• Circumstances must be considered
– A child stealing bread due to hunger or
poverty.
• Consequences of an act must be taken into
account
– Lying to save innocent life.
• Cultural diversity and tradition may be taken
into account
– Some acts are good in certain cultures but
bad in others.
Moral Relativism
• Different sets of moral rules applied for
different cultures and demographics.
– Right for some people group may not be
right for others.
– What was accepted centuries ago may not
be acceptable today.
Arguments against moral relativism
• Has an in built flexibility that defeats the
purpose of morality.
• No clear standard by which moral
perspectives can be judged.
• The argument that morality is relative to
respective culture can be extended to
morality being relative to each individual.
• Today ethnic/cultural/social groupings tend to
be arbitrary.
Values
• An enduring belief that influences our choices
in life to promote well being.
• Principles that reflect one’s judgment of what
is important in life.
• Promotes virtues like honesty, integrity,
service, sharing, caring, empathy, etc.
• Well being is closely related to a person’s
needs, so personal values also differ from
person to person.
• Different values may have different priority
depending on need.
 Maslow’s need hierarchy
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-
4ithG_07Q

https://images.app.goo.gl/wUCPVnga2RvyMNGA7
Ethics
• It is a set of codes or moral principles based
on reason and logic by which behaviour and
beliefs are evaluated as right or wrong.
• They are a well defined standard that tell
people how to act and respond in situations.
• Offers solutions for the greater good of all
concerned.
• Uses universal values like justice, equality and
concern for fellow human and environment.
Work Ethics
• Standards of behaviour or code of conduct in
the workplace.
• Promotes the well being of employees,
organizational effectiveness and advancement
of society.
• Ability of moral values of work to strengthen
character.
Basic elements of work ethics
• Integrity and loyalty
– Quality of being honest and morally
upright.
– Willingness to do the right thing reliably.
– Adherence to company code of ethics,
policies and procedures.
– Consistent thought, speech and action.
Basic elements of work ethics Contd…
• Professionalism
– Competence, Good judgement and Polite
behaviour acquired by training to deliver
quality output irrespective of other
circumstances.
– Consistent and responsible.
– Has know-how, skill and perseverance.
– Superior problem solving and leadership
skills.
Basic elements of work ethics Contd…
• Respect and Care
– Recognize uniqueness of individuals and
appreciate differences.
– Respect people and their differences
promoting workplace harmony and ethics.
– Show genuine compassion and concern for
others, helpful when needed, being kind,
considerate and grateful.
Basic elements of work ethics Contd…
• Cooperation
– Working well with others to achieve a
common goal within the given deadline.
Basic elements of work ethics Contd…
• Fairness
– Top management should ensure that
performance does not go unrewarded and
unethical behaviour punished.
– Company policies must reflect a sense of
justice.
Basic elements of work ethics Contd…
• Trustworthiness
– It is the extent to which a person’s actions
can be relied on in the absence of control.
– Trust is a matter of character and is built
and sustained over time by small actions.

Albert Einstein: Whoever is careless with

truth in small matters cannot be trusted
with important matters.
Need for work ethics
• Psychological restraint from doing undesirable or
illegal activities.
• Keeps employee morale high and promotes good
interpersonal relations.
• Ensures productivity and quality to stakeholders
and customers.
• Social control
• Avoid accidents and exposure
• Avoid misuse of resources
• Ensure sustainability
Factors influencing work ethics
• Organizational culture
• Individual factors
• Published code of conduct and policies
Causes and common forms of unethical behaviour

• Cause
– Lack of awareness
– Undue emphasis on organisational/
personal performance
– Peer pressure
– Absence of written code of conduct
– Disregard for co- workers, customers,
society & environment
– Dearth of values
Causes and common forms of unethical behaviour Contd…

• Forms of unethical behaviour

– Misuse company time and resource
– Employee theft
– Lying and abusive behaviour
– Harassment
– Taking credit for others work
– Nepotism …
Steps to promote good work ethics
• Publish written code of conduct
• Expected standards of behaviour should be
frequently communicated
• Training for fresh recruits
• Senior officials should set example
• Appreciate good behaviour
• Involve people at all levels