GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, BILASPUR

DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING

th SEM)
(5

DRILLING AND BLASTING

PRACTICE IN MINES
LAB MANUAL
Developed By; Approved By;

Vinay Kumar Mr. A. K. Chandel

Pandey (Head Of Principal (Incharge)
Departmrmt)
Mining
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, BILASPUR CG.
DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING

CCeerrttiiffiicca
attee
This is to certify that it is a bonafied record of
practical work done by Sri/Kum.
bearing the Roll No. of class
branch in the Engineering Physics laboratory during the
academic year under our supervision.

Head of the Lecturer In-Charge

Department

External Examiner Internal Examiner

 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

LE1.1 Calculate relative weight strength and relative bulk

strength of different explosive with respect to ANFO.
LE1.2 Prepare a comparative analysis of different types of
explosives with respect to ANFO, Slurry, Emulsion, LOX,
OCG.
LE2.1 Calculate current passing through the blasting circuit
for a given condition.
LE2.2 Test the connection of blasting circuit.
LE2.3 Prepare a layout of series and parallel connection of
detonator.
LE3.1 Prepare a layout of various drilling patterns used in
blasting
LE3.2 Prepare a blast design assuming suitable data and
conditions and calculatethe following -
a)Powder factor
b) Detonating factor
c) Quantity of explosives
used per round of blast.
LE4.1 Calculate the powder factor for given data in U/G
blasting.
LE4.2 Prepare a layout of BOS.

P
a
g
 Practical No. – 01

Object : -
Calculate relative weight strength and relative bulk strength of
different explosive with respect to ANFO.

Required Material : - ANFO and other Explosive, instrument for

ignition.

Formulas :-
𝐴𝑊𝑆 𝑜𝑓
1) 𝑅𝑊𝑆 = 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙 𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 × 100%
𝐴𝑊𝑆 𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑁𝐹𝑂

Where,
AWS: amount or heat produced by unit
(1gm) Weight of explosive.

RWS: Relative weight strength

× 100%
2) 𝑅𝐵𝑆 = 𝐴𝐵𝑆𝐴𝐵𝑆
𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙 𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒
𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑁𝐹𝑂

Where,
ABS: Amount of heat by (ICC) unit volume or
explosive.

4
Calculation :-
If AWS of slurry =
100000Kcal/kg AWS of ANFO =
10000
∴ 40000
𝑅𝑊𝑆 = Kcal/kg × 100%
4 0000

= 250%

If ABS of slurry = 20000Kcal/kg

ABS of ANFO = 50000
∴ Kcal/kg
𝑅𝐵𝑆 = 200000 × 100%
5 0000

= 400%

Caution :-
1) Explosive should be use carefully.
2) Signing of heat should be done carefully.
3) Reading should be observed carefully.

5
 Practical No. – 02

Object : -
Prepare a comparative analysis of different types of explosive
with respect to ANFO, Slurry, Emulsion, IOX, OCG.

Comparative analysis :-
S. Properties ANFO Slurry Emulation
No. Composition
1 a) Oxidiser NH4NO3 (≈94%) NH4NO3 NH4NO3 + Fuel oil +
ammonium nitrate Water + Emulsifing
ugent.
b) Fuel Diesel (≈6%) Diesel Diesel
c) Cross linking agent X K2Cr2O1 Al2 Cr2O1

d) Thickening agent X
e) Sensitizer X Micro air Micro gases, bubble
bubble Al, TNT, DNT, RDX
TNT
2 VOD 2500m/s- 3500m/s- 500m/s – 6000m/s
6000m/s 5500m/s
3 Density 0.9 – 1.6 glcc 1.05 – 1.3 1.2 – 1.35 glcc
glcc
4 Water Resistance Hydroscopic Excellent Very high
5 Fume Characteristic Moderate Excellent Excellent
6 Detonation pressure Up to 4-8 x 106 Up to 5 x Up to 12000 x 106
G/Pascal 106 Mega Pascal
G/Pascal
7 SP gr 0.5 – 1 1 or more 1 or mere than
than

6
 Practical No. – 03
Object : - Calculate current passing through the blasting circuit for a
given condition.

Given blasting
circuit : 2 Ω R1 RB RC RD

5Ω 5Ω

24V

Solve :- = R1 + R2 + R3
Row R
= 2Ω
Given R
= R1 = RA + RB + RC + RD
1st row
R 1= 2 Ω + 2 Ω + 2 Ω + 2 Ω
R 1= 8 Ω
So, every row =
R 2= 8 Ω
R 3= 8 Ω
R 4= 8 Ω
Sum of row

= 1
𝑅 = 1 + 1 𝑅+
1
1
+ 1
𝑅2 𝑅3
1 1
= 𝑅4=
𝑅 1+
8
1 4 1+
18
=
𝑅
=
8
1+
= 8
2
8
R = 2
Ω
7
Internal resistance of wire the internal resistance range is
used. Then,
R = R 1 + R2 + R3 R = 2 + 5 + 5
R = 12 Ω

So,
V ∝I
V = IR

I=V
R

We knew that

V = 24, R =
12 24
I=
12
I =
2A

8
 Practical No. – 04
Object : - Test the connection of blasting circuit.

Blasting circuit is tested by blasting ohmmeter open circuit or

short circuit of blasting circuit are tested by this
Tester consist of a galvanometer and a chloride cell by which very less
amount of electric current is passed (less than 0.1 A)
The red and green light fitted in the ohmmeter if the red light keeps on
lighting them there is some fault in the circuit and if the green light on there
than the circuit is complete and how much electric current is passing can be
also detected by the galvanometer.
When doing circuit test, the ohmmeter light is noticed when red light
turns on, we check the circuit and correct it and check is agains until turns on
and red goes off.
In this way the whole blasting circuit is tested.

9
Red light Green light

Galvanometer

Chloride Call

Fig :- Ohmmeter

1
0
 Practical No. – 05

Object : - Prepare a layout of series & parallel connection of detonator.

1) Series Connecting :-

While making a series connection the first wire of the

first detonator is connected to the blasting cable and the
other to the first wire of the detonator.

2) Parallel connection :- in parallel connection each detonator are

connected to two wires of two cables. Each detonator get

separate power from cable.
If there is a fault in any detonator of connection, that detonator
will not blast, it will misfire, all other detonators, will blast.

1
1
 Practical No. – 06

Object : - Prepare a layout of various drilling pattern use in

blasting.

Drilling Pattern in opencast mine :-

1. Lineal Rectangular drill Pattern.
2. Staggered drill Pattern.
1) Rectangular drill Pattern :- In this drill hole is done in a line whose shape
is rectangular deep hole is frilled in it.

2) Staggered drill Pattern :- In this the drill hole is drilled in the middle of
two lines, it was has a triangular or staggered shape it is used for more
fragmentation in soft rock.

1
2
Cut pattern is also known as explosive hole pattern:- There are following
pattern for underground

I. Pyramid cut :- It consists in drilling hole at corner of the square side

may be 0.1m to 1m, almost to meet at a point a back of the round.

II. Wedge cut :- In this Cut 2 to 4 pair of hole drill to form a wedge, each
pair a starting from two sides of the drift centre and incline at angle less
than 45 toward the centre almost meeting at back of the cut along a
line.

III.
Drag cut :- In drag cut hole are drill at an angle to the cleavage plane so
that the strata of break along the cleavage plane.

10
IV. Fan Cut :- It is used for laminating strata, coal, mostly soft cover the face
with fan like pattern
1) This cut is not recommended for hard rock.
2) It is recommended for solid blasting.

V. Burn cut :- All holes charged as well as uncharged ones, may be drilled
by same drill and those to be left uncharged may be reamed by
a reaming bit.

6 4 4 6
5 5

4 4
6 6
4 4

VI. Coromant cut :- This cut is new type of parallel hole cut which has been
worked out with the help of greater advance per round.

3 5

1 2

6 4

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VII.
Ring Cut:- These drill pattern is used in only metal mines. In these
drilling a long drill hole is made. It is a 2 type.

a) Vertical.
b) Horizontal.

3M

15
 Practical No. – 07

Object : -
Prepare a blast design assuming suitable data & condition
& calculate the following.

a) Power factor
b) Detonating factor
c) Quantity of explosive used per round of
blast. If :-
1) Bench height = 10m
10
2) Sub grade = 10
m = 1m
3) Total hole depth = 10 + 1 =
11m 1
4) Hole dia = = 8 m =
0.125m 30 30
5) Burden (B) = 12 x Ex. dia in 12
inch =
= 12.5 Ft
6) Spacing = 1.5 (Burden in
meter)
= 1.5 ( 3.75)m 5.625m

3
7) Stemming (T) = 10 (Total hole depth 1
m) 3
= 10

= 3.3m
8) Length of charge = (B.H. + 5.G –
T)
= (10 + ( – 3.3)m
= 7.7m

16
Delay between holes in row
5 X 5 Mili
second
= 5 X 18.75
= 93.75 MS

Power Factor
= 10 m
Bench height
= 3.75m
Burden Spacing
= 5.625m
Sub grade drill Dia
= 1m
of Ex = 2
One detonator use
Explosive coloum
= 7.7m
So,
Rock mass
= 10 x 3.75 x 5.625 x
2
= 421.875kg
Mass of rock
= ton/kg
Mass of Explosive

4.21.875
= ton/kg
0.085

= 4969.23 ton/kg

17
 Practical No. – 08

Object : - Calculate the powder factor for given data in underground.

Given,
= 4m
Wide
= 3m
Height
= 1m
Advance
= 6kg
Explosive
= 1.5 M3/te
S. gravity
Powder factor =

Volume of rock =4x3x

1
= 12 m3

Mass of mineral = Volume x specific gravity

= 12 x 1.5
= 18 tonne

Volume of rock (m 3 )
Powder Factor =
Weight of Explosive (kg)

PF 18
6
=PF =
3 te/Kg

18
 Practical No. – 09

Object : - Prepare a layout of BOS.

BOS (Blasting of Solid) :- The blasting which is done with the help of
delay detonator without the use of cutting coal is called blasting
of solid.
Using P5 type of explosives. Coal can be blasted without
giving under cuts in the gallery.
For solid of blasting small drill hole pattern are:
1) Wedge cut for solid of blasting.
6 5 5 6
2.40m

4 3 3

3 2
1
1 2 3

4.80m

(A)
2) Fan cut for solid blasting.

1.52m
2.21m
450

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 To types of patterns are used in underground mines for blasting of
solids.

1. Wedge cut :-
2. Fan cut :-

1. Wedge cut :- In this Cut 2 to 4 pair of hole drill to form a wedge, each
pair a starting from two sides of the drift centre and incline at angle less
than 45 toward the centre almost meeting at back of the cut along a
line.

2. Fan Cut :- It is used for laminating strata, coal, mostly soft cover the
face with fan like pattern
1) This cut is not recommended for hard rock.
2) It is recommended for solid blasting.

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