P E R T I ES O F M O L E C U L E S

PR O
BASED ON P O L A R I T Y
G P O IN T | M E LT IN G P O IN T
SOLUBILITY | BOILIN
 Learning
1. Identify the different
Objectives properties of molecules
based on polarity;

2. Compare and contrast the

• At the end of the lesson, properties of polar and non
you are expected to: polar molecules in terms of
solubility, boiling point
and melting point.
 • Polarity
Let’s Refresh
• Dipoles
WHAT COMES IN YOUR
MIND WHEN YOU HEAR • Polar Bonds
THE WORD/S
• Nonpolar Bonds
Properties of Molecules DIPOLE – DIPOLE
Based on Polarity INTERACTION
• The properties of the molecules • When two polar molecules
are related to their polarity. are near each other, the
negative end of one
• When substances undergo phase molecule is attracted to the
changes, forces of attraction are positive end of the other
broken or formed. These forces play
significant roles in almost all
properties of substances, including
solubility, melting point, and boiling
point.
 DIPOLE – DIPOLE Strong energy is required to break
INTERACTION these interactions, while strong
energy is released when these
interactions are formed.

The presence of opposite charges

results in a strong force of attraction
between the molecules.
• Between two neighboring
nonpolar molecules, the
attraction is very minimal.
Properties of Molecules
Based on Polarity
SOLUBILITY
• the maximum amount of
solute that dissolves in a
given quantity of solvent.
Solubility
• follows the rule of thumb,
Boiling point “like dissolves like.”

Melting point • Polar solutes dissolve in polar

solvents
Example: Solubility of
Polar molecules

• The surface of the molecule is filled

with polar groups that have partially
positive and partially negative ends.

• Salt (NaCl) and other polar

molecules are described as
hydrophilic (water-loving) and loves
dissolving in water.
Example: Solubility of
Non Polar Molecules Oil and water can be mixed
together with the use of
Oil and other emulsifier.
nonpolar molecules
such as hexane (C​6H​ • Emulsifier – a molecule
14 ) and benzene (C​
6H​6 ) are described that has a polar and non-
as hydrophobic polar end.
(water-fearing) and
hate dissolving in • Examples are soap and
water detergents.
Example: Solubility of
Non Polar Molecules • Soaps and detergents forms
circular structures called
EMULSIFIER micelles​.

• Their hydrophobic ends

encircle the nonpolar
substance while their
hydrophilic ends interact
with water.
Example: Solubility of
Non Polar Molecules
EMULSIFIER
Properties of Molecules
Based on Polarity
MELTING POINT
• the temperature at which a
solid turns into liquid.
Solubility • Heat is needed to break
Melting point the forces of attraction
between the molecules
Boiling point
Because polar molecules have
relatively stronger forces of
attraction compared with
nonpolar ones, a greater amount
of heat must be applied to break
these forces, thereby it has higher
melting point.
Properties of Molecules
Based on Polarity
BOILING POINT
• the temperature at which a
liquid turns into a gas​.
Solubility
Melting point
Boiling point
A greater amount of heat is
needed to break the forces of
attraction of polar molecules
compared to nonpolar ones.
Generally, polar molecules
have higher boiling points
than nonpolar molecules.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROPERTIES OF
POLAR AND NONPOLAR MOLECULES