UNIT 4:

Social, Political, and Cultural

Issues in Philippine History

MEARIE JEAN A. FAUSTINO, MAEd

Instructor
 1987
1973 Authoritarian
Post-Martial Law
Constitution

1935 Constitution

Commonwealth Constitution

1899
Malolos Constitution

1897
Biak-na-Bato Constitution
 19
PREAMBLE

“The separation of the Philippines from

the Spanish monarchy
Borrowed from
and their formation into an
Cuba
independent state with its own
government called the Philippine Provisionary
Republic has been the end sought by Constitution written by
the Revolution in the existing war, Isabelo Artacho

1897
begun on the 24th of August, 1896; and Félix Ferrer
and, therefore, in its name and by the in Spanish
power delegated by the Filipino
people, interpreting faithfully their
desires and ambitions, we the Biak-na-Bato Constitution
representatives of the Revolution, in a
meeting at Biak-na-bato,
November 1, 1897, unanimously Promulgated by the Was never fully implemented;
Philippine revolutionary (A truce the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, was
adopted the following articles for the
Government on 1st of signed between the
constitution of the State.” November,1897 Spanish and the Philippine Revolutionary
Army)
 19
SUPREME COUNCIL

President
Interior Secretary
Foreign Affairs Secretary
Secretary of Treasury
War Secretary

1897
SUPREME COUNCIL OF GRACE AND JUSTICE

ASSEMBLY OF REPRESENTATIVES Biak-na-Bato Constitution

 PREAMBLE

We, the Representatives of the

Filipino People, lawfully
convened, in order to establish
justice, provide for common defense,

1973
promote the general welfare and
insure the benefits of liberty,
imploring the aid of the Sovereign
Legislator of the Universe for the
attainment of these ends, have voted,
decreed, and sanctioned the

1935
following political constitution.

was never enforced due to the

ongoing war; sovereignty of the Phils was transferred
From Spain to the US through the Treaty of Paris

1899 Written by Felipe Calderon et al.

in Spanish
Malolos Constitution
Drafted after the declaration
of Independence on June 12, 1898
Promulgated by Aguinaldo
on Jan 21, 1899
the charters of Belgium,
Mexico, Brazil,
Nicaragua,
Costa Rica, and
Guatemala, and the
French Constitution
was patterned after the Spanish
Constitution of 1812; but with
influences from:
the Kartilya; the Sanggunian Hukuman, the
charter of laws and morals of the Katipunan; the
Biak-na-Bato Constitution of; Mabini's
Constitutional Program of the Philippine Republic
of
1898; the provisional constitution of Mariano
Ponce in 1898 and the autonomy projects of
Paterno in 1898.
EXECUTIVE President

LEGISLATIVE
Assembly

JUDICIAL
Of
Representatives 1973
1935
1899
Malolos Constitution

PREAMBLE
The Filipino people, imploring the aid
of Divine Providence, in
order to establish a government that
shall embody their ideals,
conserve and develop the patrimony
of the nation, promote the
general welfare, and secure to
themselves and their posterity the
blessings of independence under a
regime of justice, liberty, and
democracy, do ordain and promulgate
this constitution.
1899
was crafted to meet the approval of the United
States government, and to ensure that the United
States would live
up to its promise to grant independence to the
Philippines
The Commonwealth was
briefly interrupted by the
events of the
World War II, with the
Japanese occupying the
Philippines
1973
1935 created the Commonwealth of the
Philippines; a transitional
administration to prepare the
country toward
its full achievement of
Commonwealth Constitution independence
Preceded by the Was created through
Phil Inorganic Act of 1902; the Tydings-McDuffie Act,
Jones Law (1916); and Otherwise known as the
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act (1932) Philippine Independence Act
1935 President Vice-President Unicameral National Assembly

1940 President

Vice-President

1973
Bicameral Congress

1935
Senate House of
Representatives

Commonwealth Constitution

1899
 Ratified on Jan 17, 1973 through
Citizen Assemblies, as proclaimed by
Pres Ferdinand Marcos

1973
1935 Authoritarian Constitution

1899 Perceived as a way for the President

to keep executive powers, abolish the
Senate, and act as an authoritarian
The turbulent situation in the
1980s led to EDSA People Power
and the exile of Marcos and his
family to Hawaii
president
 PREAMBLE
This is the convention in effect
We, the sovereign Filipino people, It established the until present
imploring the aid of Almighty God, in Philippines as a "democratic
order to build a just and humane republican State" where "sovereignty resides in
society, and establish a Government the people and all
that shall embody our ideals and government authority emanates from them
aspirations, promote the common
good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves
and our posterity, the blessings of
independence and democracy under
the rule of law and a regime of truth,
justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this
Constitution.

1987
1973 Post EDSA
Constitution

1935 Created after Pres Corazon

While this constitution was
drafted, a transitional constitution
known as Freedom Constitution was
Proclaimed.
begins with a Preamble and
18 contained articles

Aquino was installed as president

on February 25, 1986
 1987 CONSTITUTION

LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY

Veto power

Carries Evaluates
Has the exclusive power of legislation May hear, any cases

Makes
dealing with the
May also declare war, with 2/3 vote constitutionality of
any law, treaty, or

the law
Can be overridden with 2/3 vote out the The
decree of the
government, cases
where questions of

Law
jurisdiction or

law judicial error are

concerned, or cases
where the penalty is
sufficiently grave,
and cases involving
government or
international
officials.
 1987 CONSTITUTION

COA COMELEC CSC

LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY

 LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY

Congress

Senate Upper House

Houses

24 elected senators
≤ 2 consecutive 6-year terms
House of
Lower House
Representatives

District representatives 80%

- 3 year terms
- 234 districts
Party-list representatives 20%
- Underrepresented groups
or community sectors
LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY

Congress President
Head of state ; chief
Senate executive
Vice-President
House of
Representatives
Cabinet
LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY

Congress President Supreme Court

Senate Vice-President 15-member court

House of Cabinet Appointed by the Pres

Representatives
Bound by the
nomination of
the judicial
and bar
council
Does not
need
Congress’
confirmation
Other Courts
OTHER ISSUES
POLITICAL: ‘Federalism’ in the Philippines
CULTURAL: Macli-ing Dulag
SOCIAL: Covid-19 in the Philippines
Thank you!