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GED 141
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN
WORLD
TOPIC No.1
PROF. EDGAR G. CANDA, Ed.D.,LPT
Introduction
• Mathematics is defined as the study of
numbers and arithmetic operations.

• Also described as a set of tools or a

collection of skills that can be applied
to questions of “how many” or “how
much”.
• It is also viewed as a science which
involves logical reasoning, drawing
conclusions from assumed
premises, and strategic reasoning
based on accepted rules, laws or
probabilities.
 The Nature of Mathematics

MATHEMATICS IS….
• A set of problem solving tools
• An art
• A process of thinking
• A study of patterns
• A language
 TOPIC 1 - PATTERNS
• Is an arrangement which helps observers
anticipate what they might or what may
happen next.
• Shows what may have come before
• Seeks to discover relationships and
connections between seemingly unrelated bits
of information.
Types of Patterns in Nature:
1. Symmetry
According to the American Heritage Dictionary,
symmetry is an exact correspondence of form and
constituent configuration on opposite sides of a
dividing line or plane or about a center or an axis.
It indicates that you can draw an imaginary line
across an object and the resulting parts are mirror
images of each other.
a. Reflection Symmetry
It is also called mirror symmetry or line
symmetry. It is made with a line going through
an object which divides it into two pieces which
are mirror images of each other. This is often
termed as bilateral symmetry as it divides the
object into two (“bi “ means two) mirror
images.
b. Rotational Symmetry
It is also called radial symmetry. In Biology,
this kind of symmetry is exhibited by objects
when their similar parts are regularly
arranged around a central axis and the
pattern looks the same after a certain
amount of rotation. Note that if you rotate
the given images below by several degrees,
you can still achieve the same appearance as the
original position.
c. Translational Symmetry

This kind of symmetry is exhibited by

objects that do not change its size and shape
even if it moved to another location. Note
that the movement does not involve with
reflection or rotation. A shape exhibits
translational symmetry if displacement in
some direction-horizontal or vertical, returns
the shape to its original configuration.
2. Fractals

These are never-ending patterns that are

self-similar across different scales. The image
just reappears over and over again no
matter how many times the object is
magnified.
3.Spirals

These are curved patterns made by

series of circular shapes revolving around a
central point.
4. Spots and stripes

Patterns are also exhibited in the external

appearances of animals.
5. Flower Petals

Flowers are easily considered as things

of beauty. Their vibrant colors and fragrant
odors make them very appealing as gifts or
decorations. The flowers below have different
number of petals. Flowers with 5 petals are said
to be the most common. Notice that these
numbers are all Fibonacci numbers.
6. Number Patterns and Sequences
Consider the pattern below. Are you familiar
with this number pattern in a triangle? What do
you think will be the next layer of the numbers
in the triangle?
Patterns surround us in nature. They'll tell us
how things work on our planet, if we know
where to look to find them.
 Types of Pattern

• Logic/Logical Pattern
- Number Pattern
- Geometric Pattern
- Word Pattern
Find the next figure
D
 ?

What is the next pattern?

A
What is the next pattern?
E
How many dots after 15 dots?
21 dots
Determine the pattern
 915
Pattern: 9 - 2 = 7; 9+2 = 11 // 711
How many layers and dots from the given
pattern?
5 layers
21 dots
 Magic Square:
1. Directions: Complete the magic Square given
below, using numbers 1 - 9, with out repetition, so
that the sum of the numbers in each row or in each
column or along each diagonal is fifteen.

6 1

5
 Magic Square: Solution 15PTS.

15 15 15
15 15
6 1 8 15
7 5 3 15
2 9 4 15
 Magic Triangle:
2. Directions: Fill in the numbers from 1 to 6 ( with
out repetition) so that each side of the magic
triangle add up to 12.

4
SOLUTION 1 OR

12
4

2 3

6 1 5 12
or SOLUTION 2

12
4

3 2

5 1 6 12
Self Practice:
1. Determine what comes next in the given
pattern. ( 5 POINTS )

____________________
1. Determine what comes next the given
pattern. ( 5 POINTS)

Answer:
2. Determine what comes next in the
given pattern. ( 5 POINTS)

____________
2. Determine what comes next in the given
pattern.( 5 POINTS)

Answer
3. Determine what comes next in the given
pattern. ( 5 POINTS)

?
_______
3. Determine what comes next in the
given pattern. ( 5 POINTS)

Answer:
4. Use any numbers from 5 – 9, repetition is
not allowed on the circle and their sum is 24.
( 10 POINTS)
Answer:

24
4. Use any number from 5 – 9 repetition is not
allowed on the circle and theirs sum is 24.
(10 POINTS)
Answer: 8

24

7 9
5. Use numbers 1 – 5 with out repetition and
place inside the circle and their sum diagonally
is 9. ( 15 POINTS)

the sum
is 9

the sum
is 9
5. Answer: ( 15 POINTS)

the sum
1 2 is 9

the sum
4 5 is 9
OR. Answer: ( 15 POINTS)

the sum
2 1 is 9

the sum
5 4 is 9
PART 2
LETTERS / WORDS

Compositions

Examples with points!

1. Determine which comes next in the
given pattern.

IJK MNO QRS

HATE LATE PATE ______

A. RATE B. TATE

C. CATE D. SATE
1. Determine which comes next in the
given pattern.

QRS
HATE LATE PATE ______

ANSWER:

A. RATE B. TATE

C. CATE D. SATE
2. Determine which comes next in the
given pattern.

DE GH JK
CAN FAN IAN ______

A. MAN B. PAN

C. LAN D. KAN
2. Determine which comes next in the
given pattern.

CAN FAN IAN ______

ANSWER:

A. MAN B. PAN

C. LAN D. KAN
TRY THESE:

1. Determine which comes next in the

given pattern.

CAKE CALE CAME ______

3. Determine which comes next in the
given pattern.

CAKE CALE CAME CANE .

4. Determine which comes next in the
given pattern.

QRS UVW
Paste Taste Xaste ____
4. Determine which comes next in the
given pattern.

YZA
Paste Taste Xaste ________

Answer: Baste
5. Determine what comes next in the
given pattern.

B D F HJ L N P R
ACE GIK MOQ - - -
5. Determine what comes next in the
given pattern.

B D F HJ L N P R
ACE GIK MOQ - - -

Answer:
T V
SUW
6. Determine what comes next in the
given pattern.

CBA FED IHG ---

4. Determine what comes next in the
given pattern.

CBA FED I H G ---

Answer

LKJ .
5. Determine what comes next in the
given pattern.

B D FG I K MN P R TU
ACE HJL OQS ---
5. Determine what comes next in the
given pattern.

ACE HJL OQS ---

Answer: W Y
VXZ
REFERENCES

Aufmann, et.al, (2018), Mathematics in the Modern World Manila, Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Required Reading and other materials
Adam, John A. Mathematics is Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural World
Adam, John A, A Mathematical Nature Walk
Fisher, Carol Burns. The language and Grammar of Mathematics
Hersh, R. What is Mathematics Really? (Chaps. 4 and 5)
Johnson and Mowry. Mathematics, A Practical Odyssey (Chap. 12)
Moser and Chen. A Student’s Guide to Coding and Information Theory Stewart,
Ian. Nature’s Numbers
THAT'S ALL FOR TOPIC 1 !