INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

By Ika Fathin Resti Martanti, S.Pd., M.Hum.

 Definition

COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process of delivering
information (messages, ideas, leadership)
from one party to another or the exchange
of meaning, between a sender and
receiver.

Communication is the vehicle by which

meanings are conveyed, identity is composed
and reinforced, and feelings are expressed.
The common model for communication
c c
o Noise o
n ↓ n
t t
Source→ Encoding→ Message→ Chanel→ Reciever→Decoding→ Reciever Response e
e
x x
t t
Feedback

1. Source 6.Receiver
2. Encoding 7.Decoding
3. Message 8.Reciever reponse
4. Channel 9.Feedback
5. Noise 10.Context
Definition of communication
• Message: Information and meaning exchanged
during communication

• Encoding: Process by which people select, imbed

messages in signals, and send signals to others

• Signals: Specific verbal language and nonverbal

behaviors that are encoded when message sent

• Channels: Sensory modalities by which signals

sent and messages retrieved

• Decoding: Process by which people receives

signal from encoder and translates those signals
to meaningful messages
Intracultural communication
Communication between people of the same
cultural background

Interactants share same ground rules; they encode

and decode using the same cultural codes

Can be negative because of expectations created by

cultural filters and ethnocentrism

We tend to read more than is intended

 Intercultural communication
 Communication between people of the
different cultural background

 Interactants do not share same ground rules; they

encode and decode using different cultural codes
 Can lead to

• Uncertainty and ambiguity

• Conflict
 Intercultural communication is process a
symbolic, interpretive, transactional,
contextual process in which people from
different cultures create shared meanings.
 WHY STUDY
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION?

01 Increasing interaction between people due to

globalization

02 Increasing diversity in workplaces

03
Increasing need to develop caring,
responsible and ethical business
leaders
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO
HAVE UNDERSTANDING
BETWEEN DIFFERENT
CULTURES?
 CULTURE UNDERSTANDING

To understand To respect the

people behavior differences between
cultures

To communicate the
right message to the
To prevent right people
misunderstanding
 Barriers To Intercultural Communication
1. Attitude
Globalization means that there is now one business
culture everywhere in the world.
If they want do business with me, then they'll have to
adapt to my culture.
It's impossible to generalize cultures. There are
many differences.
When going abroad, it is necessary to have a list of
dos and don’ts.

”When in Rome, do as the Romans do”.

2.Perception
The way we perceive is culturally determined and the general lack
of awareness of this is another barrier to intercultural
communication.
3. Stereotypes
A stereotype is a fixed, over generalized belief
about a particular group or class of people.
By stereotyping we infer that a person has a
whole range of characteristics and abilities that
we assume all members of that group have.
4. Interpretation
a. Perception checking
To ensure that our interpretation of the other person’s behavior is what he/she
meant to be.
b. Listening effectively
To show that we are involved in the conversation
c. Giving feedback
The feedback should be specific and at the appropriate time
5. Culture shock
The feeling of uncertainty, confusion,
or anxiety that people experience
when visiting, doing business in, or
living in a society that is different
from their own. Culture shock can
arise from an individual's
unfamiliarity with local customs,
language, and acceptable behavior.
6.Non-Verbal Behavior
Nonverbal communication, also
called manual language, is the
process of sending and
receiving messages without
using words, either spoken or
written.
It includes:
• Gesture
• Facial expression
• Eye contact
• Body movement
• Touching
• The use of space and time
 In America, people shake hands.
But in japan people just lean
forward, and in India they just
Arabic language is written from join hands and say Namaste
right to left, and almost all other
languages ​are written from
left to right.
STEPS TOWARDS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

• Develop a sense of cultural awareness

• Do not be ethnocentric (the belief that one's

ethnic group is superior to another)

• Listen genuinely when others speak

 STEPS TOWARDS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

• Do not lapse into your own language while

in the presence of others who do not
speak it

• Take responsibility for the communication

(e.g., if miscommunication happens, it is not always the
other person’s fault)

• DO NOT STEREOTYPE
Thank You