Conventional Energy Resources

Energy, Water, Environment Sustainability

Department of Engineering & Applied Science

BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48

(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University)
(NBA and NAAC accredited, ISO 9001:2015 certified)
 Introduction of Energy Resources
• The term energy resource refers to any
material that can be used as a basis or
source of energy. Energy resources are
used to generate electricity and other forms
of power for human use. There are two kinds
of energy resources - Conventional energy
sources and Non- Conventional energy
sources.
• Conventional energy: The energy sources
that once exhausted, do not replenish
themselves within a specific period are called
conventional or non-renewable energy
sources like coal, gas, and oil.
Venkatesh Deshmukh-1433 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48
 Types of Conventional Energy Resources

1) Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black

sedimentary rock that occurs in seams. The heat and
pressure of deep burial turn dead plant materials into
peat, which is eventually changed into coal over
millions of years. Coal is used to make iron and
steel.

2) Crude oil, commonly known as petroleum oil, is the

only nonrenewable resource that can be extracted as
a liquid.

3) Natural gas is a nonrenewable gaseous resource

that may be discovered beneath the earth’s crust,
alongside crude oil reserves. Natural gas is primarily
made up of methane, but it can also include
propane, ethane, and butane.
Venkatesh Deshmukh-1433 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48
 Case Study of Compressed Natural
•
Gas
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a type of fuel
that is gaining popularity as an alternative to
traditional gasoline and diesel fuels. CNG is
made by compressing natural gas to less than
1% of its volume at standard atmospheric
pressure. This process makes it easier to
transport and store, and also reduces
greenhouse gas emissions.
• The use of CNG in vehicles has been
growing steadily over the past few
years, particularly in the
transportation industry. CNG vehicles
are more environmentally friendly and
cost-effective compared to traditional
gasoline or diesel vehicles.

Soham Godkar-1436 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48

 Present
• Situation
The CNG industry is witnessing steady growth worldwide, driven by increasing
concerns over climate change, air pollution, and the need for sustainable energy
sources. It is being used extensively in transportation, residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors.
• Bio-CNG, a renewable source of transport fuel from sugarcane waste, is increasingly
being produced in sugar mills in sugarcane-growing states around India.

• Thirteen Indian states currently have 44 bio-CNG plants with a total production
capacity of 218,000 kilograms per day, of this renewable fuel.

• Experts claim that although the production of bio-CNG from sugar mills is in its
nascent stage, with a demand for CNG in the transport sector, rising petrol/diesel
prices and an established distribution network, there is potential for the growth of bio-
CNG production.

Soham Godkar-1436| BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48

 Development in CNG Industry
• Infrastructure Expansion: Many countries are investing
in expanding CNG refueling stations and distribution
networks to support the growing demand for CNG-
powered vehicles.

• Technological Advances: Advancements in CNG

storage and delivery systems have led to increased
efficiency, safety, and performance of CNG-powered
vehicles and equipment.

• Government Support: Governments are implementing

policies and incentives to promote the adoption of CNG
as a clean fuel option, including tax credits, subsidies,
and regulatory standards.

Pranav Bhalerao– 1442 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48

 Images of CNG Installed in Vehicles

Pranav Bhalerao– 1442 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48

 Applications

• Transportation: CNG is commonly used as a fuel for public

transportation vehicles, such as buses and taxis, as well as for
commercial fleets, including delivery trucks and waste
management vehicles.

• Residential and Commercial: CNG can be used for heating and

cooking in residential and commercial buildings, providing a
cleaner alternative to traditional fuels like oil and coal.

• Industrial: CNG is utilized in various industrial applications, such

as powering generators, boilers, and process equipment.

Siddhesh Mundhe -1434 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48

Compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles operate much like gasoline-powered vehicles with spark-ignited
internal combustion engines. The engine functions the same way as a gasoline engine. Natural gas is stored
in a fuel tank, or cylinder, typically at the back of the vehicle. The CNG fuel system transfers high-pressure
gas from the fuel tank through the fuel lines, where a pressure regulator reduces the pressure to a level
compatible with the engine fuel injection system. Finally, the fuel is introduced into the intake manifold or
combustion chamber, where it is mixed with air and then compressed and ignited by a spark plug.

Siddhesh Mundhe -1434 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48

 Advantages
1. Reduced Emissions: CNG produces significantly
lower emissions of greenhouse gases, particulate
matter, and pollutants compared to gasoline or
diesel, contributing to improved air quality and
reduced carbon footprint.

2. Cost Savings: CNG is often cheaper than

gasoline or diesel, resulting in potential cost
savings for users.

3. Abundant and Domestic Resource: Natural gas,

from which CNG is derived, is available in
abundance in many regions, reducing
dependency on imported fossil fuels.

Siddhesh Mundhe -1434 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48

 Disadvantages

1. Limited Range: CNG vehicles typically have

a shorter driving range compared to gasoline
or diesel vehicles due to the lower energy
density of natural gas.

2. Infrastructure Challenges: Expanding the

CNG refueling infrastructure can be costly
and time-consuming, posing a barrier to
widespread adoption.

3. Vehicle Conversion Costs: Converting

vehicles to run on CNG can be expensive,
although OEM (Original Equipment
Manufacturer) CNG vehicles are becoming
more widely available.
Ajay Guhade-1438 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48
 WRAP UP & OUTCOMES

1. Improvements in CNG storage technologies, compression and delivery

systems, and integration with renewable energy sources are ongoing to
enhance the efficiency and sustainability of CNG.

2. Looking ahead, the future scope of the CNG industry appears promising.
Increased adoption of CNG vehicles, further expansion of refueling
infrastructure, advancements in storage and delivery systems, and integration
with renewable energy sources are expected to contribute to its growth.

3. Emerging technologies like renewable natural gas and synthetic natural gas
hold potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions further.

Ajay Guhade-1438 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48

 References
1. https://www.bharatpetroleum.in/our-businesses/gas/compressed-natural-gas.a
spx

2. https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/india-cng-market

3. https://www.oilandgasiq.com/oil-and-gas-production-and-operations/articles/inf
ographic-a-look-at-importance-of-natural-gas-i

4. https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/how-do-natural-gas-cars-work#:~:text=Natural
%20gas%20is%20stored%20in,the%20engine%20fuel%20injection%20syste
m
.

5. https://www.techsciresearch.com/infographic/india-city-gas-distribution-market
/25.html
Ajay Guhade-1438 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48
 THANKS
!
Ajay Guhade-1438 | BRACT’S, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48