CELL SPECIFIC FUNCTION

ORGANELLES
OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe the chromosomes;
2. Differentiate the following:
a. homozygous – heterozygous
b. genotype – phenotype
c. dominant – recessive
3. Recall or explain the concept of
Mendelian’s pattern of inheritance.
Unlocking of
Difficulties
 CELL
Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm

Autosome CHROMOSOME Sex Chromosome

Body
Chromosome Locus XX XY

GENES
Homozygous Heterozygous

Alleles
Dominant Recessive
Discussion
CHROMOSOME
Chromosomes contain genes
Genes are the genetic material
in the chromosome
(Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA).
Always come in pairs
Both male and female have 23
pairs (46)
chromosomes in each
cell.
Parts of Chromosome:
1. Euchromatin-is the light
staining part of the
chromosome(active).
2. Centromere-constricted
point where two
chromatids are held
together.
3. Heterochromatin-is the
dark staining part of the
chromosome(inactive).
p arm – short arm structure

Centromere – point where

the two chromatids held
together.

q arm – long arm structure

The 23 Pairs of
Chromosomes
 Two (2) Kinds of Chromosome:
1. Autosomes (Somatic) 2. Sex Chromosomes
-the body chromosomes (Gametes or sperm/egg cells)
-XX Chromosomes for
-Both male and female females
-XY Chromosomes for
have 44 body males
chromosomes.
 Genes:
Homozygous Genes Heterozygous Genes
-genes that are -genes that are different
identical. or dissimilar.

(GG, rr, gg, WW, RR)

(RW, Gg, Tt, Gr, rg)
Alleles:
- Are alternative forms of traits.

Tall – short
Round – wrinkled
Light – dark
Big – small
 Two (2) Kinds of Traits:
1. Dominant Traits 2. Recessive Traits
-traits that appear or -traits do not appear or seen
shown in an individual. in an individual.
-commonly represented by - commonly represented by
uppercase or capital letter. lowercase or small letter.

G GG
g gg
Phenotype are the physical expression of traits
while, genotype are the genes itself of an individual.
P
G H
E E
N
O
T
TT= Tall N
O
T
Y
P tt= short Y
P
E E
In Mendelian pattern of
inheritance, the effect of the
recessive genes are not observed
when dominant genes are present.
T-Tall T T- Ernesto
t - short Tt – Ernesta
T T
Genotype: 2-TT : 2-Tt
T TT TT Phenotype: Tall

t Tt Tt Percentage: 100% Tall

 If homozygous black guinea pig crossed with
heterozygous black guinea pig, what would be the
genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?

B B Genotype: 2-BB : 2-Bb

B BB BB Phenotype: All Black

Percentage: 100% Black

b
Bb Bb
 A white cat (W) crossed with a black cat (b).
Determine the genotypic and phenotypic percentages
of their offspring.

W W Genotype: 4-Wb
b Wb Wb Phenotype: All White

Percentage: 100% White

b
Wb Wb
It’s Your
Turn!
 Using Punnet Square perform a crossed between plants
with red flower (RR) and white flower (rr). Show the
phenotypic percentage of offspring in the first generation.

Genotype:
Phenotype:

Percentage:
 Determine the possible genotype of offspring if a
white dove (WW) crossed with a dove which is
heterozygous for that allele (Ww).

Genotype:
Phenotype:

Percentage:
Again, in Mendelian pattern of
inheritance, the effect of the
recessive genes are not observed
when dominant genes are present.
Summary
 CELL
1. Nucleus 2.

Autosome 3. Sex Chromosome

4. Locus 5. 6.

GENES
7. 8.

Alleles
9. 10.
ASSIGNMENT:
Study the following non-Mendelian
principles of inheritance:
a. co-dominance
b. incomplete dominance
c. multiple alleles
Get ready for our discussion tomorrow!!!