Unit- 2 : Construction of Sub-structure

Topic : (1) Job Layout

Prepared by – Parijat Ganguly

Lecturer in Civil Engineering
Sree Ramkrishna Silpa
Vidyapith

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 2.1 Job layout
Site clearance
 preparing job layout
layout for load bearing structure and framed structure
by center line
 precautions while marking layout on ground.

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 Site Clearance

Necessity :--
 1) Job layout
 2) Removal of obstructions
 3) Construction of approach road
 4) Loading and unloading site
 5) no activity can be started without site
clearance

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 Principles of Job layout
Job layout can be defined as a site drawing of the
proposed construction showing location of entry, exit,
temporary services, material stores & stocks, site
offices etc.
 Prepared for smooth proceeding of work without
interruption
 To avoid confusion & reduce accidents
 To have a tidy outlook to facilitate the inspection of
materials.

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 Principles of Job layout
 The site should have preferably 2 openings, one for entry &
other for exit. If there is only one gate then it is preferable to
provide a cross over near the gate.
 Main gate should be near to general office ,to facilitate delivery
of material to be stored in it, it also permits a closer supervision
of the stores.
 Temporary roads may be constructed around the operation area
for ease of flowing of material& movement of equipment.
 Staff accommodation should be away from noise. It should be
concentrated in one area to promote communication & reduce
the cost of facilities &services.
 Workshops should be decided & located by balancing easy &
short routes.
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 Factors affecting job layout

1) Location area and topography of the site

2) Availability of space
3) Material bulk
4) Nature and type of work and equipments to be
used.

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 layout for load bearing structure by
center line method

D C

A B

•Let A &B are the corner centre points of the base line AB. Points A &B are located on
ground by measuring the distances from Property line.
•Now, A &B the centre points of line AB are located on the ground and pegs are driven.
•Centre line AB can be demarcated on the ground by pick axe or lime powder, by
7 stretching tightly a string between them.
 Layout for load bearing structure by
center line method
 Layout is fixed by fixing the center lines of foundation plan
 One corner of the foundation plan is fixed by measuring the
distances from the boarder of the plot and a wooden peg with a
nail on top driven to mark the corner .
 Pegs are driven on the either side of the central peg at each end.
Each peg is equidistant from central peg & distance between 2
outer pegs corresponding to the width of foundation trench.
 When string is stretched joining corresponding points/pegs at the 2
extremities of the line, the boundary of the trench to be excavated
marked on the ground by dry lime powder.
 The centre line which are perpendicular to the long wall are then
marked by 3-4-5 method.
 After ground tracing has been completed with respect to centre-
lines of the walls, diagonals of rectangular or square rooms should
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be measured to check the correctness of the work.
 Adopting AB as the base line and using lengths of various centre lines which are
calculated on centre•…line plan , all other centre
•… lines are demarcated•… and pegs driven at
their extremities.
… … …
All the … •pegs so driven , lie on centre lines of various walls. At all these
•… pegs two
. . .
additional …pegs are driven at equal distances on either side of the centre line…pegs.
* * *
The distance
. between driven on both the sides of the centreline pegs show . s the width
* Reference
* Platform *
of the foundation
* trench. *
* * *
* * * * *
* D A *
* * *
* * * * *
* . . . *
* . . . *
.
•… •…
.
.
… …
.
. •… •… •… .
* … … … *
* .C . . *
* * * B* *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * Centre Line * * *
. * * * .
9 * * * .
.
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 Layout for framed structure
In case of framed structures , the centers of the
columns are fixed by wooden pegs with central
nails on top and center lines of beams between the
columns are fixed with tied strings.

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 Precautions while marking layout on
ground
1) Correct:--& Precise measurement of distances by
steel tape.
2) Correct fixing of plot boundaries with the help of
location sketches.
3) Use of dumpy level or leveling instrument if
terrain is uneven.
4) Correct marking of face line or center line.
5) Checking of distances from at least two
independent measurements.
6) Diagonal checks for individuals room positions as
well as complete building.
7) Use of plumb bob for correctly transferring points
13 on ground.
 Reference
Title of the book Name of the authors Edition Name of the publishers

Building construction Engg. Gurcharan Singh Standard Book

House
Building Construction Vol. I W. B. Mackay Pearson
to IV

Building Construction B.C. Punmia Laxmi Publication

Building Construction S.K. Sharma Tata Mcgraw-Hill

Building Construction Sushil Kumar Standard

Publication
A to z of Building Mantri Construction Mantri Publication
Construction

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 Thank You

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