A Clinical Study To Evaluate Madhumehahara Karma ( (Autosaved) (Autosaved)

A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE MADHUMEHAHARA KARMA
(ANTIDIABTEIC ACTIVITY) OF KAKAMACI CHOORNA (SOLANUM

NIGRUM Linn.)
Presenter
Dr.Sahana T
Final year PG scholar
Department of Dravyaguna
CTRI/2022/12/048171
IEC No-SDM/IEC/42/2021
Guide Co-Guide
Dr.Anuradha K N Dr.Prakash L Hegde
Assistant professor HOD,Professor
Department of Post Graduate Studies in Dravyaguna Vijnana
Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital ,Hassan
02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 1

Contents of the slide
• Introduction
• Research Question
• Aims and objectives
• Hypothesis
• Review of literature
• Materials and methods
• Observations and Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Limitations of the study
• Scope of the study
Introduction
• Diabetes-According to International Diabetes Federation
-Global scenario:463 million ,and 88 million people in south east Asia
-In India:77 million
• Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder

-Defective insulin secretion
-Defective insulin action
-Both
Global estimates of Diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes research and
clinical practice
Continued……
• Kakamaci - Solanum nigrum Linn
• English – Black night shade
• Kannada – Ganike soppu
• Kakamaci(Solanum nigrum Linn.) is an annual herb grown common throughout
India.
• It is easily available and cost effective.
• As one of its karma is Pramehahara, and Madhumeha is a type of vataja
prameha,this drug has been taken to evaluate Madhumehahara karma.
• This drug possess certain karma like Swarya, Sukravardhaka, Rasayana,
Sothahara, Kustagna, Arshagna, Jwaraghna, Pramehahara, Netrya.

Research Question
• Whether kakamaci possess Madhumehahara karma?

Hypothesis
• Null hypothesis(Ho):
There is no significant Madhumehahara karma of kakamaci panchanga

choorna in Madhumeha .
• Research hypothesis (Ha):
There is significant Madhumehahara karma of kakamaci panchanga

choorna in Madhumeha
Objectives
1.To carry out Pharmacognostic evaluation of kakamaci panchanga

choorna.
2.To evaluate madhumehahara karma of kakamaci panchanga choorna.

Review of literature –Drug-Kakamaci
• Botanical name-Solanum nigrum Linn
• Family – solanaceae
• Sanskrit name-Kakamaci
• English-Black night shade
• Part used – berries , leaves, panchanga

Fruits of
Solanum nigrum Linn.
Inflorescence of
Solanum nigrum Linn. Root of
Twig of Solanum nigrum Linn.
Rasapanchaka by different authors
Padarthas BPN D.N K.N S.N P.N R.N Charaka Sushrutha
Rasa Tikta ,katu Tikta katu Tikta katu Tikta Tikta Tikta katu Tikta katu Kashaya
Guna Snigdha Sara, Snigdha - Snigdha - - -
laghu laghu
Virya Anushna Ushna Ushna Anushna Ushna Ushna Anushna -

sheeta sheeta sheeta
Vipaka Katu - Katu - - Katu Katu -

Prabhava - - - - - - - -
Doshagnath Tridosha - Tridosha - - - Tridosha -
a shamaka shamaka shamaka

Karma and rogaghnata
• Karma,Swarya,sukravardhaka • Rogaghnata, Doubalya,

rasayana,sothahara,kusthagna swarabheda,sotha,kusta,
jwaraghna,Pramehahara,
swasa, kasa, hikka, jwara,
hikkanigrhana ,kasahara Prameha

Review of literature-Disease-Madhumeha
• Prameha is one among mahagada.
• Due to indulgence in etiological factors it results in aparipakwa kapha

and meda which further proceed downward through mutravaha
srotas and get localized at bastimukha, and leading to symptoms like
prabhoota mutrata, karapada daha etc
• Madhumeha is one among vataja prameha.

Lakshanas
Lakshanas Charaka Samhita Sushrutha Samhita Astanga Hridaya Madava nidana
Prabhootamutrata + + + +
Karapadadaha + + + +
Atinidra + + + +
Alasya + + + +
Gauratwa + + + +
Atisveda + + + +

Modern co-relation
• Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the

presence of hyperglycemia due to defective insulin Secretion,
defective insulin action or both.
• Rx-Correcting life style and food habits
Oral hypoglycemic drugs
Insulin therapy
Materials and Methods
The study was designed in following headings-
• Pharmacognostical study
• Clinical study

Collection,authentification
• Drug collection-The dry drug of kakamaci panchanga was collected

from sinhal herbals ,lucknow.
• Authentification –Department of Dravyaguna,SDMCAH,Hassan

Fruits of
leaf of
Solanum nigrum Linn. Inflorescence of
Pharmacognostic study
• Part used-Panchanga
Leaf macroscopy
size 5-6 cm long and 1 to 2 cm width
Shape Ovate ,entire margin
Colour Green
Odour Characteristic odour
Texture Pubescent
Taste Tikta Macroscopy of kakamaci leaf

(Solanum nigrum Linn.)

Macroscopy of stem
Size 2-5 cm thick
Shape Cylindrical with nodes
Colour Green
texture Sticky ,with nodes
Taste Tikta
Macroscopy of kakamaci stem

Fracture Fibrous (Solanum nigrum Linn.)

Macroscopy of root
Size 7-10 cm long ,2 to 2.5 cm thick
Shape Cylindrical and slender
Colour Light brown
Texture Rough
Taste -
Macroscopy of kakamaci root

Macroscopy of flower
Size 0.5 cm
Shape -
Colour Whitesh colour
Odour -
Texture Soft ,4-5 petals
Taste Tikta
Macroscopy of kakamaci flower

Macroscopy of fruit
Size 1 cm length and 1 to 1.5 cm thickness
Shape Round ,berry
Colour Black
Odour -
Texture Soft
Taste Tikta
Macroscopy of kakamaci fruit

Microscopy of kakamaci stem TS of Kakamaci Stem
e
ct
e
perf
ct
ph perf
xy ph
mr xy
mr
pi pi
e-epidermis ,ct-cortex ,perf-pericycle fibres ,ph-phloem, xy- xylem, mr-medullary rays ,pi-pith
Microscopy of kakamaci root
ck ck
ct ct
ph
ph
xy
xy
mr
mr
TS of kakamaci root
Ck-cork ,ct-cortex ,mr-medullary rays ,ph-phloem ,xy-xylem

Microscopy of kakamaci leaf TS of kakamaci leaf
cu
col
ph
xyv
cu-cutile , col-collenchyma ,ph-phloem ,xyv-xylem vessels

Physical evaluation of kakamaci
panchanga choorna
Physio-chemical Standard value (API) Obtained value
parameters
Foreign matter Not more than 2% 0.5%
Loss on drying - 1%
Total ash Not more than 16% 12%
Acid insoluble Not more than 7% 7%

ash
Water soluble Not less than 4% 8%
extract
Alcohol soluble Not less than 15% 18%
extract

Chemical evaluation of kakamaci
panchanga choorna
Phytoconstituents Ethanolic extract Aqueous extract
Carbohydrates Absent Absent
Protiens Present Present
Amino acids Absent Absent
Steroids Absent Absent
Glycosides Absent Absent
Flavonoids Absent Absent
Tannins Present Present
Alkaloids Absent Absent

Preparation of the medicine
• Preparation of kakamaci panchanga choorna-
Teaching pharmacy,Department of rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana
SDMCAH,Hassan.
-Dry sample of kakamaci was collected and made into coarse powder
and then fine powder using pulverizer and seived through sieve
number 85.
Packing and labelling
• The prepared medicine was properly labelled with name,net weight,
manufacturing date and expiry date and stored in a air tight packets.

Clinical study – Research design
• Study Design : An Open-Label Single Arm Clinical Trial
• Sampling Method : Convenience Sample Technique
• Sample Size : 30
• Intervention : Kakamaci panchanga choorna
• Dose : 6gms ,twice a day ,Before food
• Anupana: Ushna jala

Criteria
• Exclusion criteria
• Inclusion criteria
1.Patients on insulin
1.Age- 30 years to 70 years 2. Diabetic foot, Diabetic retinopathy,
Diabetic neuropathy, Diabetic
2.FBS ≥ 126 mg/dl
nephropathy
3. PPBS ≥180 mg/dl 3.Congestive cardiac failure
4.Impaired hepatic, cardiac and renal
4.Willing to participate and sign functions
the consent form. 5.Pregnant and lactating women
Criteria 0th day 15TH day 30th day
(BT) (FP) (AT)
Assessment criteria Prabhoota

mutrata(day)
Prabhoota
mutrata(night)
• Subjective parameter- Karapada daha
Alasya
Atinidra
Gauratwa
Mukathalukanth
ashosha
• Objective parameter-
Criteria 0th day 30th day
FBS
PPBS
FUS
PPUS

ASSESSMENT SCALE
Sl.no Assessment Criteria 1 2 3 4
1 Frequency of micturition 3-5 times/day 6-8 times/day 9-11 times/day More than 11
(day) times /day
2 Frequency of micturition Does not wake up Wake up once Wake up twice Wake up more
(night) than thrice
3 Karapada daha No burning Mild burning Moderate Severe burning

sensation in sensation in burning sensation in
hands and feet hands and feet sensation in hands and feet
hands and feet
4 Mukathalukanthashosha No dryness of Mild Moderate Severe

oral cavity and
throat

Continued…..
5 Atinidra 6-8 hrs 8-10 hrs 10-12 hrs More than 12
hrs
6 Alasya No laziness Mild Moderate Severe
7 Atisveda No persipiration Mild Moderate Severe
8 Gauratwa No heaviness Mild Moderate Severe

Clinical study observations
Group Number of patients
Total screened patients 51
Registered for study 37
Completed 30
Drop out 7

Age Frequency Gender Frequency
education
30-40 7 Male 20
41-50 11
Female 10
51-60 7
61-70 5 Total 30
Total 30
illiterate sslc PUC Graduate
Age Educational Frequency Gender

status
Illiterate 7
SSLC 4
PUC 8
Graduate 11
male female
30-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 Total 30
Locality Frequency Occupation Frequency Diet
Strenuous 12
Urban 7
worker
Rural 23
Office job 15
Total 30 Sedentary 3
Total 30 mixed vegetarian
Locality
Occupation Type of diet Frequency
Vegetarian 8
Mixed 22
Total 30
Urban Rural
strenous work office job sedentary work

vyayama Occupatinal stress
Sleep pattern Frequency
Disturbed 21
Sound 9
Total 30 yes no
present absent
Vyayama Frequency Occupatio Frequency

Sleep
nal stress
Yes 7
Present 18
No 23 Absent 12
Total 30
Total 30
02/11/2023disturbed sound Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 41
Prakriti BMI
Family history Frequency
Present 11
Absent 19
Total 30
NORMAL OVER WEIGHT 3rd Qtr
Family stress Vata pitta pitta kapha vata kapha
BMI Frequency
Prakriti Frequency
18-25 -normal 20
Vata pitta 15
Pitta kapha 5 25-30 over 10
weight
Vata kapha 10
Total 30
present absent 4th Qtr
Results based on statistics –Praboota mutrata
day
Parameter (Prabhoota mutrata Day) Chi df P Remark
Mean
square value
(N=30) Rank
Frequency of Prabhoota mutrata Day (0th
2.60
day) 31.909 2 .000 Significant
Frequency of Prabhoota mutrata Day
1.85
(15th day)
Frequency of Prabhoota mutrata Day(30th
1.55
day)
Results based on statistics -Subjective –
Prabhoota mutrata night
Parameter Mean N Chi df P value Remark
(Prabhoota mutrata ) Rank square
Frequency of Prabhoota
2.13
mutrata night (0th day) InSignificant
Frequency of Prabhoota 30 8.000 2 0.18
1.93
mutrata night(15th day)
Frequency of Prabhoota
mutrata night(30th day)
1.93
Karapada daha
N Chi df P value Remark
square
Parameter
(Karapadadaha) Mean
Rank
Karapadadaha
(0th day) 2.72 30 36.077 2 Significant
Karapadadaha
(15th day) 1.72 .000
Karapadadaha
(30th day) 1.57
Results based on statistics -Subjective – Atinidra
N Chi square df P value Remark
Parameter Mean
(Atinidra) Rank
Atinidra .000 Significant
2.43
(0 day)
th
30 20.632 2
Atinidra
1.93
(15th day)
Atinidra
1.63
(30th day)
Mukhathalukantashosha
Parameter Mean square
(Mukathalukantashosha) Rank
Mukhathalukantashosha 30 2.571 2 .276 InSignificant
(0th day) 2.10
(15th day) 1.95
(30th day) 1.95

Results based on statistics -Subjective – Alashya
Parameter Mean
square
(Alashya) Rank
Alashya 30 23.059 2 .000 Significant
2.43
(0 day)
th
Alashya
1.93
(15th day)
Alashya
1.63
(30th day)

Results based on statistics -Subjective – Atisveda
Parameter Mean
square
(Atisveda) Rank
Atisveda 30 12.286 2 .002 Significant
2.22
(0 day)
th
Atisveda
1.92
(15th day)
Atisveda
1.87
(30th day)
Results based on statistics -Subjective – Gauratwa
Parameter Mean
square
(Gauratwa) Rank
Gauratwa 30 29.826 2 Significant
2.58
(0 day)
th
Gauratwa
1.88 .000
(15th day)
Gauratwa
1.53
(30th day)
Results based on statistics-Objective
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
FBSBT 30 187.30 54.097 9.877
FBSAT 30 163.81 59.466 10.857
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the
Mean Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Difference Lower Upper
FBSBT 18.964 29 .000 187.300 167.10 207.50
FBSAT 15.088 29 .000 163.807 141.60 186.01

PPBSBT 30 276.50 68.804 12.562
PPBSAT 30 246.40 79.970 14.600
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval
Sig. (2- Mean of the Difference
t df tailed) Difference Lower Upper
PPBSBT 22.011 29 .000 276.500 250.81 302.19
PPBSAT 16.876 29 .000 246.400 216.54 276.26

FUSBT 30 2.87 1.456 .266
FUSAT 30 2.53 1.592 .291
Test Value = 0
FUSBT 10.785 29 .000 2.867 2.32 3.41
FUSAT 8.718 29 .000 2.533 1.94 3.13

PPUSBT 30 4.40 1.632 .298
PPUSAT 30 3.97 2.092 .382
Test Value = 0
PPUSBT 14.771 29 .000 4.400 3.79 5.01
PPUSAT 10.383 29 .000 3.967 3.19 4.75

Patient FBS –BEFORE FBS-AFTER Patient PPBS –BEFORE PPBS-AFTER
number TREATMENT TREATMENT number TREATMENT TREATMENT
(mg/dl) (mg/dl) (mg/dl) (mg/dl)
1 160 218 1 290 347

2 290 296 2 356 386
3 171 136 3 225 190
4 147 130 4 275 240
5 200 150 5 291 206
6 168 120 6 276 155
7 127 145 7 245 288
8 149 119 8 213 153
9 168 175 9 221 296

10 233 138
10 138 102

11 220 339
12 241 112 11 291 472
12 325 195
13 125 106
13 238 148
14 306 216
14 419 319
15 176 177
15 254 296
16 179 150
16 324 286
17 122 89
17 187 128
18 330 220
18 489 310
19 196 152
19 250 238
20 167 110 20 221 143

21 158 136 21 216 225

22 232 144 22 299 198
23 196 144 23 256 190
24 158 131 24 204 250
25 229 239 25 305 301
26 130 116 26 226 186
27 135 150 27 256 280
28 193 140 28 231 270
29 248 202 29 411 269
30 160 250 30 268 289

Discussion
• Based on drug
• Kakamaci(Solanum nigrum Linn.) is an annual herb found common
throughout India.
• All Samhita have described Kakamaci as Shaka Dravya and Oushadha.
• Kakamaci is described in tikta skanda by acharya charaka ,where as
sushrutha mentioned in surasadi gana which is indicated in prameha.
• Kakamaci posses Tikta rasa , Laghu, Ruksa guna ,Katu vipaka, Anusna
virya. It is tridosha shamaka .

• Acharya sushrutha mentions that kakamaci has kashaya rasa.
• Kakamaci fruits, leaves and whole plant has medicinal

property.
• Kakamaci is one among kakaradi gana, where it should not be

consumed by the patients who is on medication prepared out
of parada.

• Kakamaci contains Salasonine and solamargin in leaves, solasodine in
fruits and leaves, tigogenin in berries are the chemical components
present.
1.Anti-diabetic activity -Research entitled Antidiabetic Activity of Aqueous

Extract of Solanum nigrum Linn Berries in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar
Albino Rats.
Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum Linn berries in the dose of 200
mg/kg/day produced significant blood glucose reduction (p<0.01) from day
7 and 400 mg/kg/day produced highly significant reduction in blood glucose
from day 7 (p<0.001).

Based on Disease
• Madhumeha is one among the 20 types of Prameha.
• Madhumeha is described as anushangi by acharya charaka, which means long
lasting or runs prolong. Acharya sushrutha has mentioned it under mahagada
which shows the dreadfulness of the disease.
• Acharya vagbhatta describes two ways of origin of madhumeha .Madhumeha
caused by ojokshaya when there is depletion of dhatus which is called as
dhatukshayajanya madhumeha
• The vitiated kapha and meda obstruct to the passage of vata in margavaranjanya
madhumeha

• When it comes to lakshanas ,sushrutha acharya says that
sahajameha rogi are usually Krusha while apathyanimittaja
rogi are sthula.
• In Krusha pramehi santarpana line of treatment which
nourishes dhatus are advised.
• In sthula pramehi ,samshodana is advised includes
snehana ,shodhana ,shamana ,ritucharya ,dinacharya has
been advised.

Discussion based on Observations and
results
Microscopy and Phytochemical-
• Macroscopy and Microscopy :The findings from the micro and
macroscopic observations were compared with available standards
and drug was found to be authenticated.
• Physicochemical evaluation - within the standard limits of API.
• Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation – Presence of Tannins, proteins
in both Ethanolic as well the Aqueous extract.

Discussion based on Clinical study
AGE
• In the present study,Maximum number of patients i.e. (36.6%)
belongs to the age group 41-50 years.
• indicating that the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is more in
the middle to old age group.
• Factors like stress, food habit, life style etc. (during this age )These
factors act as predisposing factor in the manifestation of DM.

Gender
• Gender wise distribution showed that there were 66.6% male patients and
33.4% female patients.
• In diabetes equal prevalence is there for both male and female patients.
• Dalhana mentioned that females have less chance of developing Prameha,
because they are purified by monthly flow of Raja Srava.
• In India incidence of diabetes is higher in males than in females,
consequently in this study also there were more male patients than
females.
• Acharya JT, Commentary Nibanda sangraha of Dalhana on Sushruta
Samhita of Sushruta, Chikitsa sthana; Prameha Chikitsa: Chapter 11

Socio economic status
• DM is called as Rich mans disease, but present study did not support
this statement as more number of patients (50 %) belonging to
middle class, followed by low socio economic status.
• These results cannot be measured for generalizing the socioeconomic
status wise distribution as the sample size is small, It also reflects the
pattern of patients coming to the hospital of this institute & also the
increasing substantial sedentary habits among them.

Personal history
• Maximum i.e. 73.4 % was of mixed diet.

• These results cannot be measured for generalizing the diet wise
distribution as the sample size is small, but Mamsa Aahara is one of
the main Nidana for Prameha.
• Intake of excessive fatty substances can lead to manifestation of DM.

Sleep pattern
• Maximum subjects (73.4%) were having disturbed
sleep. This may be due to stress and increased
frequency of micturition at night time.

Vyayama
• Maximum number of patients (76.6%) were not doing
vyayama this finding reflects reduced physical activity
as cause.

Occupational stress
• 60.0% were having mental stress in their working place or due to the family problems.
The body gears up to take action in response to stress. This preparation is called the
fight or flight response.
• In the fight or flight response, levels of many hormones like catecholamines, cortisol
and growth hormones shoot up. Their net effect is to make a lot of stored energy,
glucose and fat available to cells. Insulin is not always able to let the extra energy into
the cells, so glucose piles up in blood.
• These results in increase propensity of various diseases and diabetes may be an
outcome of stress, which further sets in a vicious circle of stress diabetes relationship.
• This concept is true in the present study, as most of them are leading stress full life.
Mitra Analava, Diabetes and stress: A Review. Ethno-Med

Family History
• Maximum subjects i.e. 63.4 % were having no family history.
People with family history positive have more chance of
getting diabetes, as there is genetic disposition in this
disease and it is mentioned that Madhumeha is Kulaja
Vikara.
• As there are other predisposing factors like altered life style
and food pattern ,family history might not be the only factor.

BMI-Body Mass Index
• 33.34% were of overweight of BMI followed by 66.66% were in
normal range of BMI.Obesity acts as diabetogenic factor through
increasing resistance to the action of insulin in those genetically
predisposed to develop Type 2 DM.
• But this study shows there was also a raise in number of DM patients
in normal BMI,as BMI is not only factor contributing to DM,may be
due to stress factor,altered life style and food style and lack of
physical exercise.

Based on Parameter
1.Statistically there was a significant results in subjective parameter
Prabhoota mutrata (day time),Karapada daha,Atinidra,Alasya,Atisveda,
Gauratwa.
2.Mukathalukanta shosha, and prabootamutrata at night did not show

significant results statistically.
3.There was significant changes in Objective parameter p<0.000 in

FBS,FUS,PPBS,PPUS.
Based on Prabhoota mutrata
• Praboota Mootrata is due to increase of Shareera Kleda and due to
Draveekarana of all Dushyas.
• The reduction in Bahu mootrata by kakamaci panchanga choorna is by
its Tikta rasa and laghu, ruksha guna, which does Shoshana of
Shareera Kleda and Draveekrita Dushyas leading to reduction in
Prabhoota Mootrata.
• Mean rank -2.60 to 1.55
• p<0.000 – Day time
• P<0.18- Night time

Based on Karapadadaha
• Karapada daha is due to pitta dosha which results in burning sensation in
soles and palm, kakamaci having tikta rasa acts as pitta shamaka , anushna
veerya which acts as sroto shodaka thereby helps in reducing karapada daha.
• Mean rank from 2.72 to 1.57.
• p<0.000

Based on Gauratwa
• Gauratwa is due to kapha dosha,which increases gauratwa and dominance

kakamaci having tikta rasa and anushna veerya does kapha and meda shoshana
there by helps to reduce gauratwa.
• mean rank from 2.58 to 1.53
• p<0.18

Based on Atinidra
• Atinidra is due to increased kapha and meda which is responsible for

tamo guna , kakamaci having tikta rasa and anushna veerya does
kapha and meda shoshana there by helps to reduce sleep duration.
• Mean rank from 2.43 to 1.63
• p<0.001

Based on Alasya
• Alasya is due to kapha dosha pre dominance kakamaci having
tikta rasa and anushna veerya does kapha and meda
shoshana there by helps to reduce alasya
• p<0.001

Based on Atisveda
• Ativeda is due to pitte dosha, kakamaci having tikta rasa acts as pitta
shamaka , anushna veerya which acts as sroto shodaka thereby helps
to reduce Atisveda.
• Mean rank from 2.22 to 1.87.
• p<0.002

Based on Mukhathalukantashosha
• Mukathalukanta shosha is due to pitta dosha ,which results in dryness

of the muka thalu and kanta , kakamaci having tikta rasa acts as pitta
shamaka , anushna veerya which acts as sroto shodaka.
• p<0.276

Based on Objective parameter
• There was significant changes in Objective parameter p<0.000
-Fasting blood sugar
-Post prandial blood sugar
-Fasting urine sugar
-Post prandial urine sugar
The type II diabetes induced by alloxan is due to the oxidative stress
Antioxidants present in the AESNB may also be responsible for the
antidiabetic activity due to modulation of various enzyme activities .

Mode of action
• Kakamaci posses Tikta rasa , Laghu, Ruksa guna ,Katu vipaka, Anusna
virya. It is tridosha shamaka .
• Tikta rasa does shoshana of meda,vasa, mutra majja and kleda

where there is a involvement of all these in prameha ,it does daha
and kandu prashamana as daha and kandu are the symptoms in
prameha and does agni dipana where there is altered agni in prameha
.

• Acharya sushruta gives different opinion on kakamaci rasa
he says it has kashaya rasa as it possess soshana ,lekhana
properties .It has laghu guna which is kaphahara in action
and which has lekhana property.It has katu vipaka which has
effect on baddha mutrata adds effect on prameha as there
will be increased frequency of micturition.

Conclusion
• By Pharmacognostic evaluation, Kakamaci identity ,purity and strength
are confirmed.
• Kakamaci was given to the subjects in the form of choorna ,6 gms twice
a day with Ushna jala for a period of 30 days.
• Kakamaci panchanga choorna has shown significant results in

management of Madhumeha.kakamaci is easily available and cost
effective hence it can be used in management of Madhumeha.
CONTINUED…..
• It showed significant changes in Subjective parameters like Praboota
mootrata(Daytime).
• There is significant changes in karapadadaha and Gauravatwa.
• There is also significant changes in Alasya,Atisveda,Atinidra.
• There is no significant changes in Prabhoota mootrata(Night time) and

Mukhakantashosha.
• There is significant changes in Objective parameters like FBS, FUS, PPBS and PPUS.

• Hence, Research hypothesis is accepted/ rejected ?
Accepted

Limitations –
• As the dosage form was choorna ,it was not

palatable.

Scope for further study
 Other dosage forms can be adopted.
 Duration can be increased.
 Study on subjects HbA1c above 8% can be done.

A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE MADHUMEHAHARA
KARMA (ANTIDIABTEIC ACTIVITY) OF KAKAMACI
CHOORNA (SOLANUM NIGRUM Linn.)

A Clinical Study To Evaluate Madhumehahara Karma ( (Autosaved) (Autosaved)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

A Clinical Study To Evaluate Madhumehahara Karma ( (Autosaved) (Autosaved)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

A Clinical Study To Evaluate Madhumehahara Karma ( (Autosaved) (Autosaved)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE MADHUMEHAHARA KARMA

(ANTIDIABTEIC ACTIVITY) OF KAKAMACI CHOORNA (SOLANUM

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 1

• Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 4

• Whether kakamaci possess Madhumehahara karma?

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 5

There is no significant Madhumehahara karma of kakamaci panchanga

• Research hypothesis (Ha):

There is significant Madhumehahara karma of kakamaci panchanga

1.To carry out Pharmacognostic evaluation of kakamaci panchanga

2.To evaluate madhumehahara karma of kakamaci panchanga choorna.

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 7

• Botanical name-Solanum nigrum Linn

• English-Black night shade

• Part used – berries , leaves, panchanga

Virya Anushna Ushna Ushna Anushna Ushna Ushna Anushna -

Vipaka Katu - Katu - - Katu Katu -

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 10

• Karma,Swarya,sukravardhaka • Rogaghnata, Doubalya,

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 11

• Prameha is one among mahagada.

• Due to indulgence in etiological factors it results in aparipakwa kapha

• Madhumeha is one among vataja prameha.

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 12

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 13

• Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the

• Rx-Correcting life style and food habits

Oral hypoglycemic drugs

The study was designed in following headings-

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 15

• Drug collection-The dry drug of kakamaci panchanga was collected

• Authentification –Department of Dravyaguna,SDMCAH,Hassan

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 16

Shape Ovate ,entire margin

Odour Characteristic odour

Taste Tikta Macroscopy of kakamaci leaf

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 18

Shape Cylindrical with nodes

Odour Characteristic odour

texture Sticky ,with nodes

Macroscopy of kakamaci stem

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 19

Shape Cylindrical and slender

Colour Light brown

Odour Characteristic odour

Macroscopy of kakamaci root

Colour Whitesh colour

Texture Soft ,4-5 petals

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 21

Shape Round ,berry

Macroscopy of kakamaci fruit

Ck-cork ,ct-cortex ,mr-medullary rays ,ph-phloem ,xy-xylem

02/11/2023 Dr.Sahana T Pre thesis 24

cu-cutile , col-collenchyma ,ph-phloem ,xyv-xylem vessels

Foreign matter Not more than 2% 0.5%

Total ash Not more than 16% 12%