WELCOME

Presented by
Ajaykrishna kp
roll no :10
 SUPERCONDUCTOR
FAULT CURRENT LIMITER
(SFCL)
 What is fault current?
O Fault current is any abnormal electric current
that flows through a circuit during the electrical
fault conditions

O Fault current limiter is a device which limits the prospective fault

current when a fault occurs.

o Superconducting fault current limiters are

used as effective way of fault current limiting.
 Need for fault current limiter?

*Increasing demand of power and addition of more

generators, transformers and large networks causes
higher stress on power system.

*Higher stresses results in

higher probability of faults.
Traditional methods are used to limit fault current-:

⚬ Circuit breakers with ultra -high faultcurrent rating

⚬High impedance transformers

⚬ Current limiting fuses

⚬Air core reactors

New approach using Superconductors

Superconducto
rs:- inter-metallic alloy
It is an element, or compound that will
conduct electricity without offering resistance below a
certain temperature.

Types of
sfcl:-
> Low temperature superconductors(LTS)
> High temperature superconductors(HTS)
 Low temperature
superconductors
LTS are the substances that lose all resistivity
close to 4k
Examples of LTS – Lead and Mercury

High temperature superconductors

HTS are the substances that lose all resistivity
below temperature 70K
Examples of HTS - YBCO, BSCCO etc.
 PROPERTIE
S OFSFCL
*self activating

*low maintenance

*high resistance in fault operation

*Low resistance in normal operation

*rapidly limits fault current

Construction of resistive type SFCL
 Operation of
In case resistive sfcl
of a fault the inrush of current and magnetic
field take the super conductor into the transition
region,thereby the increasing resistance limits the
fault current.
1) Fault-current limiter in the main position

>a larger transformer can be used to meet increased demand on a

bus without breaker upgrades

>I^2Rt damage to the transformer is limited

2) Fault-current limiter in the feeder position

The fault-current limiter FCL protects an individual

circuit on the bus. Underrated equipment can be
selectively protected as needed in this manner
3)Fault-current limiter in the bus-tie position

Separate buses can be tied together without a large

increase in the fault duty

During a fault, a large voltage drop across the limiter

maintains voltage level on the healthy bus
CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING SFCLS

(A) space:
More space required for installation

(B) Sizing of resistance:

The resistance is directly proportional to cost

 Conclusion
SUPERCONDUCTING FAULT CURRENT LIMITER TECHNOLOGY
IS A VERY MUCH COST EFFECTIVE, CLEAN, SAFE, RELIABLE
METHOD OF FAULT CURRENT LIMITING. MANY RESEARCHES
ARE GOING ON THIS TOPIC. IN RECENT DECADES, ALLOUR
SYSTEMS WILL BE OF SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY. IT IS
ONE OF THE CONTRIBUTING COMPONENT OF SMART GRID
TECHNOLOGY.
Thank you