University Institute of Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

& ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Subject Name :Business Intelligence
Subject Code: CST-421
Topic: Introduction to Bi-histograms
Lecture-2.1Normal Distribution and Histograms
By :Gagandeep Kaur
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Course Outcomes
CO-1:Describe the basics of insight
generation in Business Intelligence and
Data analytics, including the
foundations of quantitative insights and
the use of statistical methods like the
normal
CO-2: distribution
Analyze andand histograms.
interpret data
visualization techniques to
communicate insights and trends to
stakeholders effectively..
CO-3: Demonstrate proficiency in the
use of advanced charts and dashboards
to showcase complex data in a visually
appealing manner
CO-4: Evaluate the effectiveness of
different business intelligence
concepts, tools and applications for
decision making and decision support
CO-5: Design system..
and develop Business
Performance Management Systems,
considering the BI Maturity, Strategy,
and integrate them into a Summative
Project to showcase the skills gained
throughout the course.

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 CONTENTS
• Introduction to Bi-histograms
• Importance of a Histogram
• Example of a Histogram

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BI HISTOGRAM

Histograms are like bar charts that display the frequency (count) of the data using
bins. Below is an example of a Histogram plot, showing the count of employees
with a monthly salary lying in a particular range. (or in a particular bin)

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Bi-Histograms

Bi-Histograms are essentially a bi (=2) histogram or a pair of histograms, one above the
x-axis and one-below the x-axis, i.e. in opposite direction. [As shown in Fig 2]

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Bi-Histograms
• It is used to observe any changes occurring in the two subgroups of data in terms
of:
• Location (observed when performing t-test)
• Variation (observed when performing f-test)
• Distribution (observed when performing Kolmogorov-Smirnov test)
• Working of Bi-Histograms:
• There are two adjoining histograms present, one above and one below the x-axis.
• Above x-axis: Represents a plot of the variable for 1st condition/factor.
• Below x-axis: Represents a plot of the variable for 2nd condition/factor.

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Interpreting a Bi-Histogram:
• Bi-Histogram graph tells if the histograms of the two sub-groups have significant
overlap or not. In order to facilitate the comparison of multiple histograms, they
are plotted in a matrix format. [As shown in Fig. 3] The rows and columns of this
matrix define the variety of classes that gives a different insight into the data
(subgroups).

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Interpreting
• Bi-Histogram graph

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Interpreting a Bi-Histogram:
The following details can be observed in the image shown in Fig 3. In the matrix,
Along Diagonal — The histogram plots here belong to a particular single class.
Off Diagonal — The histogram here plots are bi-histogram plots
In the off-diagonal parts of the matrix,
Red coloured histogram plots (above x-axis) — represents the row classes (factors
or conditions) of the matrix.
Green coloured histogram plots (below x-axis) — represents the column classes
(factors or conditions) of the matrix.
.

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 References
• Books
• Data Strategy :How to profit from a world of Big Data Bemard Marr published by
KogenPage 2017
• Performance Dashboards-Monitoring and managing business by Wayne Eckerson
KogenPage 2019
• Web link:
• https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/excel/histogram/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-bi-histograms/

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THANK YOU