Polymers

By – Romeesa Sohail
Agenda Polymers
Types
Classification
Table
Cracking
PETE, PVC, PLA
Conclusion

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 What is it?
Polymer is derived from Greek words. Poly means many,
mer means unit. Similarly mono means one and mer means
unit/part.
If
we have many monomers it could be 2 or 3 or 2432746
monomers we can create a polymer combining all those
monomers into 1.
The simplest example would be an omelette. You can
create an omelektte from as many eggs you want. You can In scientific terms it means:
take 5 eggs or even 15 eggs to create 1 omelette. A substance which has a molecular structure
built up chiefly or completely from a large
In
the case of an omelette your eggs will be the monomer. number of similar units bonded together
And the result 1 omelette would be the polymer.

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Types of Polymers
Natural Semi-Synthetic Synthetic
Natural Polymers are present in Semi-synthetic polymers are Synthetic polymers created solely
both plants and animals naturally. created through further chemical through chemical process.
Proteins, starch, cellulose, and modification of naturally
rubber are a few examples. occurring polymers.
Additionally, there are
biopolymers, which are
biodegradable polymers.

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Classification

Thermoplastics plastics that soften when heated and become firm when cooled. (popular)
Thermostats plastic that can be soften when heated be moulded but harden permanently.
Will decompose if heated. (Bakelite, toasters, handles for pots and electrical billboards)
Further Classes
Definition
 Addition polymer is when monomer molecules
bond without loss of other atoms.
Condensation is when two different monomer
combine with
 Addition loss of small
polymer molecule
is when monomer
 molecules
Basically youbond withputwhich
get byproduct, loss inofthis
other
is
water. So take out byproduct first.
atoms.
 Condensation is when two different
monomer combine with loss of small
molecule

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 Table
shows
basic
polymers

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Cracking

Cracking is the opposite of polymerization. Cracking

is when you break a polymer to create monomers.
Alkene is the most important product of cracking.

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PETE
The most popular thermoplastic polymer resin in the polyester family is polyethylene terephthalate, or PET,
PETE, which is used to make food and beverage containers, textile fibres, and other thermoplastic products. A
material with very little water absorption is polyethylene terephthalate polyester, which is rigid, stiff, strong,
and dimensionally stable.
According to Sinha, "one of the most effective and well-known examples of polymer recycling is PET
recycling. Post-consumer PET is being recycled more frequently as a result of its widespread use, especially
in the beverage industry. According to Sinha, "it does not have any side effects on the human beings."
Additionally, "PET does not directly harm the environment." Finally, Sinha writes, "The recycling of PET not
only contributes to the conservation of raw petrochemical products and energy but also serves as a partial
solution to the solid waste problem. When compared to producing the identical product from new resin,
products created from recycled plastics can save between 50 and 60 percent energy."

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PVC
PVC, also referred to as polyvinyl chloride, is the third most produced
plastic type worldwide. Due to its adaptability and toughness, it is now
frequently used in a wide range of applications in sectors ranging from
construction to healthcare. PVC is a fascinating substance of great interest
because, although being a synthetic material, its qualities may be altered to
fulfil a wide range of requirements.
Due to its distinctive combination of qualities, PVC is now the material of
choice for a wide range of applications such as:

1. Construction: PVC is frequently utilised in this industry since it is strong,

affordable, and weatherproof. It frequently appears in siding, window
frames, and plumbing.
2. Medical Equipment: PVC is a crucial material in medical applications
due to its flexibility, clarity, and resistance to sterilisation procedures. It is
utilised in medical equipment like IV tubing, blood bags, and surgical
gloves.
3. Electrical Insulation: Due to its high insulating qualities and flexibility,
flexible PVC is a standard material for insulating electric lines.
4. Packaging: PVC is the perfect material for packaging, especially for food
items, because to its transparency, toughness, and resistance to oil.

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PLA
Thermoplastic aliphatic polyester Polylactic Acid, also known as PLA, is a biodegradable and bioactive
material. PLA is a bio-based polymer since it is made from renewable resources like sugar cane or maize
starch. The bio-based origin of PLA, in contrast to most other polymers that are petroleum-based, is a
significant factor in its rising appeal across numerous industries.
PLA is excellent for a variety of applications due to its adaptable qualities. Following are some industries
where PLA has seen widespread application:
1. Packaging: Containers, bottles, and films are just a few of the goods that may be made with PLA.
2. Textiles: PLA fibres are used to make apparel, upholstery, and other textile goods in the textile industry.
3. Biomedical: Due of its biodegradability and biocompatibility, PLA is utilised in the biomedical industry for
sutures, stents, and drug delivery devices.

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Conclusion
Advantages Disadvantages
Processing polymers is easy Cannot bear load application because of
viscoelastic properties (viscosity and elastic)
Frequently used in composite material.
(engineering application because of low thermal Some may breakdown in sun
and electrical conductivity)
Poor strength and hardness
Ability to manufacture translucent plastics.
Must be sorted by polymer type
Become competitive with glass.
Environment
Plastics have low melting points (puts them on par
with metals in terms of price) Must be resistant to oxidation and UV light if for
outside use.

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