Module 2

Analysis of Historical Events

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this section, you are expected to:

1. compare the chosen primary and

secondary sources in terms of credibility of
the account and reliability of author of the
said account; and

2. apply the principle of criticism on a

chosen source.
 It marked the end of
the peaceful campaign
for reforms and the
start of the
revolutionary movement
to gain independence
aSpanish Guardi
intawak
kay)
 The Cry of Balintawak
Guillermo Masangkay
• The first cry of revolution happened in Balintawak,
at the house of Apolonio Samson, on August 26,
1896.
• 9 o’clock in the morning the board of directors held
a meeting for the final date of uprising.
• Bonifacio went outside the hall and talked to the
people waiting outside.
• 5 o’clock in the afternoon, Spaniards were coming
to them as their organization was discovered and
they are all marked men.
• Claimed cedulas were torn more than once
(August 24 and August 26).
 Guillermo Masangkay’s The “Cry of
Balintawak”
(August 26, 1896)
This version is written by the Katipunan General
Guillermo Masangkay. He is an eyewitness of the
historic event and a childhood friend of Bonifacio.
According to him, the first rally of the Philippine
Revolution happened on August 26, 1896 at
Balintawak. Correspondingly, the date and site
presented were accepted by the preliminary years of
American government.

In an interview with the Sunday Tribune magazine,

Masangkay said that the First Cry happened in
 Teodoro Agoncillo’s Narrative
Cry of Pugad Lawin

In 1956, Teodoro Agoncillo, a nationally renowned

historian, published an article stating that the first
cry of the revolution happened in Pugad Lawin on
August 23, 1896.

In his article, he based the dates and location on

the account of Dr. Pio Valenzuela who is an
officer of the Katipunan and both an eyewitness
and participant in the said event.
• The official date and place of the
First Cry were largely based on
the account of Dr. Pio Valenzuela
• He is an official of the Katipunan
• A friend of Andres Bonifacio
• Present during the event
• His account was published as
Memoirs of the KKK and the
Philippine Revolution
The Cry of Pugad Lawin was the beginning of the
Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire.

At the close of August 1896, members of the

Katipunan secret society (Katipuneros) led by
Andrés Bonifacio rose up in revolt somewhere in an
area referred to as Caloocan, wider than the
jurisdiction of present-day Caloocan which may
have overlapped into present-day Quezon City.

Originally the term cry referred to the first clash

between the Katipuneros and the Civil Guards
(Guardia Civil).
The cry could also refer to the tearing up of
community tax certificates (cédulas personales) in
defiance of their allegiance to Spain. The
inscriptions of “Viva la Independencia Filipina” can
also be referred as term for the cry. This was
literally accompanied by patriotic shouts. Because
of competing accounts and ambiguity of the place
where this event took place, the exact date and
place of the Cry is in contention. From 1908 until
1963, the official stance was that the cry occurred
on August 26 in Balintawak. In 1963 the Philippine
government declared a shift to August 23 in Pugad
Lawin, Quezon City.
 Section 1 B. The Tejeros Convention
In this section, you will
learn about the controversial
events which took place at
the Tejeros between the
Magdalo and the Magdiwang
factions.

Artemio Ricarte’s
Account on the Tejeros
Convention
Teodoro Agoncillo’s
Description on the same
Convention.
Bonifacio and
Artemio Ricarte
decided to form a
new government.

It is also agreed that

whoever be elected
would be respected,
regardless of
economic status and
education.
 TEJEROS CONVENTION
Officers of revolutionary government
President : Emilio Aguinaldo
Vice president : Mariano Trias
Captain general : Artemio Ricarte
Director of war : Emilio Riego de Dios
Director of : Andres Bonifacio
interior
DANIEL TIRONA- argued about the
position of bonifacio , insult.
Teodoro Agoncillo
 considered one of the most
important
historians of the Philippines
 included in the roster of the
Order of
National Scientists for his
contributions in Philippine
History
 wrote historical accounts in
a Filipino point of view
 a graduate of Philosophy and
Arts
 a poet, a writer, an editor, a
linguistic assistant, a
Chairperson of the
Department of History, and a
professor in many universities
Artemio Ricarte
Two historical texts have provided us with accounts that
would help us grasp and understand the said
event: Artemio Ricarte’s Account and Teodoro Agoncillo’s Description.
Both texts have various stark differences, primarily the
former being a primary source and the latter a
secondary source. Identifying whether a text is a primary
or secondary source gives us a background as to what
kind of information we will encounter when reading the
text. It is to be noted that a primary source provides a
first-hand experience of an event and usually represents
original thinking of the author, just like how Artemio
Ricarte narrated his personal encounter as an attendee and
officer of the convention in his account.
Aside from giving a discussion of the event, a secondary
source, on the other hand, includes the author's personal
analysis and interpretation of the primary source. In this
case, Teodoro Agoncillo provided us with a new point of
view as he placed the spotlight on Andres Bonifacio while
recounting everything that happened before and during the
event.
END OF PRESENTATION

Thank you
Stay Blessed
References:
Zaide, Gregoria and Zaide, Sonia. (1990).
Documentary Sources of Philippine
History. Vol. 5. Manila:
National Book Store.)

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