Experimental &

Non-Experimental
Research
Group 2:
Aliling, Aparis, Bogate, Cortes, De Vera, Esperida, Garcia, Maico, Odiver, Rico, Tilar
 Objectives
• Observe the differences between Experimental and Non-
Experimental Research.
• Discuss the two (2) types of Survey Research.
• Recognize the types of Experimental and Non-
Experimental Research.
Non-Experimental Research
• Non-experimental studies are different from
experimental studies in that they don’t involve
manipulating variables. They don’t have a
control group either. Instead, they rely on
observation and analysis of existing data or
natural events to gain valuable insights into our
understanding of the world (Arteaga, 2022).
 Strengths and Weaknesses
• Strong variable control
• Broad application across fields
• Strengths • Weaknesses
• Specific results
• -Actionable
Greater Flexibility
results - Lack of Control Over Variables
• -Early
Greater Realism
identification - Limited Generalizability
of market trends
• -Foundational
Greater Cost-Effectiveness - Difficulty Measuring Change
use in further experimentation
- Potential Bias

Non-Experimental Research
Strengths and Weaknesses
• Strengths • Weaknesses
Non-Experimental Research
- Greater Flexibility - Lack of Control Over Variables
- Greater Realism - Limited Generalizability
- Greater Cost-Effectiveness - Difficulty Measuring Change
•Lack of Control Over Variables
- Potential Bias
•Limited Generalizability
•Difficulty Measuring Change
•Potential Bias
Examples of Non-Experimental Research in
Different Fields

PSYCHOLOGY SOCIOLOGY EDUCATION

• Case Studies • Ethnography • Action Research
• Surveys • Content Analysis • Narrative Inquiry
• Observational • Longitudinal • Ethnographic Case
Studies Studies
Studies
Types of
Non-
Experimenta
l Research
 Survey Research
• Survey research is defined as "the
collection of information from a
sample of individuals through their
responses to questions" (Check &
Schutt, 2012, p. 160).
• In survey research, the researchers
utilize a close-ended questions with a
classification of the respondent’s
options and answers (Adam R. 2023)
 Survey Research

• Survey research is frequently

used to collect data from a wide
sample of the population to a
small sample, ensuring that the
information contained in the data
will be accurate.
 Survey Research
• Survey research is significant for
accurate data collection in non-
experimental research, as survey
research utilizes information about
people's behaviors, characteristics
and attitudes.

• Survey research could be used in

online or offline forms.
 Examples of Survey Research

Descriptive Relationship Exploratory

Research Research Research
• What is the average • Is there a relationship • "Why are students in
length of time the between social media one school achieving
teacher spent preparing use and academic better than similar
a lesson plan for their performances? students in another
secondary class? school?" (Esham, n.d)
2 Types of Survey
Research
2 Types of Survey Research
 • These studies establish two or
more previously existing
groups of people. This
approach is non-experimental
Cross-Sectional Study
because no independent
variable is manipulated, and
participants are assigned to
groups at random.
 Example:

• Prevalence of
dysfunctional
Cross-Sectional Study breathing in patients
treated for asthma in
primary care: cross-
sectional survey. M.
Thomas et al., BMJ
(2001)
• In a longitudinal study,
researchers repeatedly
examine the same
individuals to detect any Longitudinal Study
changes that might occur
over a period of time
(Lauren Thomas, 2022).
Example:

• The Fit for School Health

outcome study-a
longitudinal survey to
assess health impacts of Longitudinal Study
an integraded school
health in the Philippines.
Monse, B., Benzian, H.,
Naliponguit, E. et al.
BMC Public Health
(2013)
 Types of Longitudinal Study

• Panel Study
- Sampling of a cross-
section of individuals
• Cohort Study
- Selecting a group based
on a specific event,
• Retrospective
such as birth,
geographic location, or
Study
historical experience
- Reviewing historical
information such as
medical records
Types of
Non-
Experimental
Research
Correlational
Research
• A Quantitative Research design which
aims to measure the relationship between
the two variables.
• Investigates relationships between the
two variables without any use of
manipulation.
• Relationships can be either positive or
negative correlation.
• To find the correlation, we look for the “r
value” ranging from zero to one.
Types of
Non-
Experimental
Research
Comparative
Research

• The study of similarities

and differences between
two or more cases.
Types of
Non-
Experimental
Research
Experimental
Research
• According to Indeed Career Guide
(2023) Experimental research is a
comparative analysis method that
examines variables and their
effects on different groups,
allowing for the determination of
correlations.
Experimental Research:
Experimental Research:
 STRENGTHS

S
• Strong variable control
• Broad application across fields
• Specific results
• Actionable Results
• Early identification of market trends
• Foundational use in further
experimentation
 WEAKNESSES

W
• Resource Intensive
• Artificial Environment
• Hawthorne Effect
• Small Sample Sizes
• Influence of Confounding Variables
 True Experimental Design
• An effective statistical method for determining a
cause-and-effect relationship between variables is
true experimental design. This research
methodology offers the most reliable forms of
evidence to establish the reality of relationships.
4 Components of True Experimental
Research
1.Manipulation
2.Control
3.Random Assignment
4.Random Selection
Quasi-Experimental
Design
• Quasi-experimental
research is a type of
experiment where the
researcher does not
randomly assign subjects.
(Çobanoğlu D. , 2023).
 Types of Quasi-Experimental Design

• Non-Equivalent Design • Time Series Design