Progress on Studies Carried out for

delineation of palaeo-channels in
SANGAM AREA, ALLAHABAD, UTTAR
PRADESH
and
KURUSHETRA AREA, HARYANA
The word paleo-channel is formed from the
words “paleo” or “old,” and channel; i.e., a
paleo-channel is an old channel. Paleo-
channels are deposits of unconsolidated
sediments or semi-consolidated sedimentary
rocks deposited in ancient, currently inactive
river and stream channel systems.

Palaeo-channels are often with good

ground water potential because of
channel-lag deposits which are coarse
and generally holds good quality ground
water, because they often belong o active
recharge system
•The deposits in palaeo chanels often make potential aquifers
which can be used for societal benefits if sustainably managed.

•Detail understanding of the following four aspects needs

detailed understanding before we take up any ground water
development plan.

1. Path of paleo-channels- their geometry.

2. Volume of ground water available. Its recharge mechanism
and extent
3. Quality of ground water in the palaeo-channels vis a vis the
sorrounding areas
4. Age of ground water- holding water of river age ar new
recharge.
ALLAHABAD DISTRICT, UP
Activities taken up by CGWB during last three weeks

1.Collection of samples for detail chemical analyses

2.Interpretation of chemical analyses data
3.Sampling for isotope analyses by BARC
4.Interpretation of Isotope analyses data.
5.VES Study and interretation
6.Interpretation of remotely sensed data, ASTER, LISS III
7.Steps for Heliborne Geophysical Survey, satellite
imagery interpretation,
Water Quality Sample
Locations and Area
covered under Vertical
Electrical Sounding
SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR
BASIC ANALYSIS = 22

SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR

TRITIUM ANALYSIS = 9

SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR

O18 ANALYSIS = 9

SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR

DEUTRIUM ANALYSIS = 9

VERTICAL ELECTRIC
SOUNDING AT 20 SITES
 Water quality analytical data, major parameters,
Allahabad area
Sl. No. District Location Source pH E.C CO3 HCO3 Cl* F* NO*3 SO4 TH* Ca Mg Na* K* SiO2 PO4
µS/cm at <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------mg/
250C l----------------------------------------------->
1 Allahabad Saraswat Koop D/W 7.9 2102 nil 708 163 0.07 44 173 220 80 4.9 217 294 36 2.24
2 Allahabad Karaila Bagh H/P 7.2 1590 nil 659 106 0.10 nd 100 600 184 34 89 5.3 25 nd
3 Allahabad Sangam River 7.8 455 nil 183 28 0.19 3.1 31 140 40 10 38 6.0 8.0 nd
4 Allahabad Gau Ghat River 7.9 658 nil 244 64 0.26 1.1 37 170 44 15 76 5.4 10 nd
5 Allahabad Daraganj River 7.9 503 nil 195 35 0.24 6.7 33 160 48 10 40 6.7 9.0 0.45
6 Allahabad Bisauna H/P 7.4 770 nil 403 14 0.31 42 4.2 270 80 17 59 2.2 31 nd
7 Allahabad Sarai Chandi H/P 7.3 901 nil 488 28 0.36 6.1 2.2 360 84 36 46 3.8 31 nd
8 Allahabad Soraon H/P 7.6 680 nil 329 35 0.47 nd 21 230 52 24 48 15 26 nd
9 Allahabad Mau Aimma H/P 7.4 1412 nil 500 99 0.25 89 89 500 120 49 96 5.5 23 nd
10 Allahabad Mahmudabad (Zusi) H/P 7.6 673 nil 342 21 0.50 24 5.8 300 76 27 20 1.8 28 nd
11 Allahabad Phapha Mau H/P 7.4 1012 nil 464 57 0.43 50 26 360 12 80 80 3.2 29 nd
12 Allahabad Sarangpur H.P 7.0 1566 nil 476 142 0.15 225 63 681 200 44 73 4.3 31 nd
13 Allahabad Atrampur H.P 7.0 990 nil 537 50 0.53 4.2 21 410 96 41 62 1.8 27 nd
14 Pratapgarh Baraulia H.P 7.4 720 nil 378 28 0.69 5.1 33 270 52 34 57 4.7 26 nd
15 Allahabad Chak-Ghanshyam H.P 7.3 840 nil 439 50 0.38 11 17 340 84 32 52 3.9 28 nd
16 Pratapgarh Shakar Daha H.P 7.6 890 nil 488 28 0.77 10 37 300 44 46 76 18 23 nd
17 Pratapgarh Bihar H.P 7.4 1022 nil 537 35 0.80 7.9 58 340 60 46 87 29 21 nd
18 Pratapgarh Lal Gopalganj H.P 7.3 1012 nil 427 92 0.72 16 58 450 96 51 49 2.9 25 nd
19 Kausambi Sarai Akil H.P 7.2 1145 nil 512 99 0.56 24 34 490 100 58 63 4.0 32 nd
20 Kausambi Sakara H.P 7.3 1404 nil 476 184 0.39 80 35 580 100 80 80 3.0 30 nd
21 Kausambi Kaju H.P 7.5 810 nil 476 28 0.43 3.2 2.6 270 60 29 72 2.3 29 nd
22 Kausambi Tilhapur Mod H.P 7.4 1010 nil 573 39 0.54 3.9 22 310 52 44 107 1.7 28 nd
 Water quality analytical data, trace element,
Allahabad area
Sl. No. District Block Location Source Date of Cu Fe Zn Cr Cr(VI)
Collection Concn in Mg/l

1 Allahabad Bahadurganj Saraswat Koop D/W 3.12.14 nd 0.015 0.021Nd nd

2 Allahabad Ald. Sadar Karaila Bagh H/P 7.12.14 nd 1.17 0.173Nd nd
3 Allahabad Bahadurganj Sangam River 3.12.14 nd 0.189 0.008Nd nd
4 Allahabad Sadar Ald. Gau Ghat River 4.12.14 nd 0.137 0.007Nd nd
5 Allahabad Sadar Ald. Daraganj River 4.12.14 nd 0.107 0.007Nd nd
6 Allahabad Kaurihar Bisauna H/P 7.12.14 0.01 0.209 0.008Nd nd
7 Allahabad Baharia Sarai Chandi H/P 4.12.14 nd 0.155 0.067Nd nd
8 Allahabad Soraon Soraon H/P 4.12.14 nd 0.919 0.555Nd nd
9 Allahabad Mau Aimma Mau Aimma H/P 4.12.14 nd 0.344 0.136Nd nd
10 Allahabad Bahadurganj Mahmudabad (Zusi) H/P 4.12.14 nd 0.061 0.031Nd nd
11 Allahabad Ald. Sadar Phapha Mau H/P 6.12.14 nd 0.342 0.078Nd nd
12 Allahabad Chaka Sarangpur H.P 7.12.14 nd 0.659 0.06 Nd nd
13 Allahabad Kaurihar Atrampur H.P 6.12.14 nd 0.058 0.008Nd nd
14 Pratapgarh Baghrai Baraulia H.P 7.12.14 nd 0.14 0.053Nd nd
15 Allahabad Chaka Chak-Ghanshyam H.P 7.12.14 nd 0.079 0.031Nd nd
16 Pratapgarh Bihar Shakar Daha H.P 6.12.14 nd 0.056 0.028Nd nd
17 Pratapgarh Bihar Bihar H.P 6.12.14 nd 0.091 0.135Nd nd
18 Pratapgarh Kaurihar Lal Gopalganj H.P 6.12.14 nd 0.022 0.062Nd nd
19 Kausambi Newada Sarai Akil H.P 7.12.14 nd 0.189 0.068Nd nd
20 Kausambi Musatganj Sakara H.P 7.12.14 0.005 0.293 0.033Nd nd
21 Kausambi Musatganj Kaju H.P 7.12.14 nd 0.332 0.123Nd nd
22 Kausambi Chayal Tilhapur Mod H.P 7.12.14 nd 0.222 0.236Nd nd
 Water Quality Analysis in Piper Plot

Piper Plot
Legend
Legend
80 80
60 60 C H/P
40 40 A S/W

20 C
CC
20 H Sarsawati Koop
CCC
Mg C C
C AA
A SO4
C CCC
C
CCC
80 C 80
H
60 C 60
C
40 CC C CC 40
CCCC C
C CC
20 AA AH 20
CC C
A AA
CCC C
CC
C
CC
H C
CC
CC C C C

Ca Na+K HCO3 Cl
 ISOTOPE ANALYSIS AT GANGA YAMUNA CONFLUENCE– BY BARC

Oxygen-18 of Saraswati Koop water falls between Ganga and Yamuna river
indicating source of the water of this koop is other than Ganga and Yamuna.
Oxygen-18 content of Sangam (Triveni) water is enriched than Ganga but,
depleted than Triveni.
Isotope analyses is partially completed. Analyses of
deuterium and tritium is under progress
 Location of Vertical Electrical Sounding
•In total 20 VES has been
carried out
•Maximum spread 600
m
•Maximum depth of
interpretation 150m

VES No. Longitude Latitude

VES 1 81.87878 25.43203
VES 2 81.88131 25.43289
VES 3 81.86283 25.43383
VES 4 81.86483 25.43597
VES 5 81.86661 25.43667
VES 6 81.86764 25.43692
VES 7 81.86858 25.43656
VES 8 81.86964 25.43656
VES 9 81.87242 25.43756
VES 10 81.87336 25.43792
VES 11 81.87578 25.43536
VES 12 81.87753 25.43906
VES 13 81.88308 25.43614
VES 14 81.88375 25.43883
VES 15 81.8785 25.42944
VES 16 81.87906 25.42861
VES 17 81.87967 25.43075
VES 18 81.88369 25.42828
VES 19 81.87447 25.43661
VES 20 81.86572 25.43956
SECTION (A - B): Based on interpreted results of VES3, VES4, VES5, VES6, VES7, VES8,
VES9, VES12 &VES14

A
 ASTER (Advanced Space Borne Thermal
Emission & Reflection) data Spatial Resolution – 30 mts

A river
channel is
observed
between
Ganga and
Yamuna river
 LISS-III DATA OF THE GANGA – YAMUNA CONFLUENCE
(AFTER SHARPENING THE IMAGE) Spatial Resolution -23.5 mts
LISS -III DATA OF THE GANGA – YAMUNA CONFLUENCE
(SOBEL VERT FILTER) Spatial Resolution -23.5 mts
 Geological section drawn along A- B section

•Indicating hardrock in south of Yamuna river

•In the northern parts alternate sequence of clay and sand is
observed.
•Between Ganga and Yamuna there is one isolated aquifer at a
depth of about 60 mbgl
•under NAQUIM Programme a project is being formulated
to carry out multi-moment Heli TEM surveys covering the
parts of the Ganga – Yamuna Doab region, targeting the
Allahabad area to delineate the underlying aquifers and
palaeo-channel. A meeting held with the NGRI team
leader.

•Process has been initiated for a special study in the area

using remote sensing technology with NRSC Hyderabad
for delineation of palaeo-channels.

•A MOU is under finalisation with BARC for detailed

environmental isotope analyses of ground water/surface
waters for the study.
KURUSHETRA DISTRICT, HARYANA
KURUSHETRA DISTRICT, HARYANA

Saraswati and its tributary

in the northern Haryana

PLACE WHERE RIVER SARASWATI

ORIGINATED, ADI BADRI,
YAMUNANAGAR
Activities taken up by CGWB during last three weeks

1.Collection of samples for detail chemical analyses

2.Interpretation of chemical analyses data
3.Sampling and analyses of water samples for isotope analyses
by BARC
4.VES Study
5.Exploratory drilling at two sites in Kurushetra area
a. Pipli site – Pilot hole Drilling completed upto 160 mbgl
b. Challon, Pehowa – Pilot hole drilling upto 114 mbgl
completed. Reaming under progress
 SAMPLING FOR CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPE ANALYSES

SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS = 22

SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR

TRITIUM ANALYSIS = 5

SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR O18

ANALYSIS = 5

SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR

DEUTRIUM ANALYSIS = 5
Drilling site at Pipli

Drilling site at Chhallon,

near Pehowa
Lithological log of
CGWB bore well at
Pehowa
GROUND WATER SAMPLING IN KURUSHETRA
 Water quality data, Kurushetra- Pehowa area
Sr. LOCATION pH EC in
No µS/cm at CO3* TH as
HCO3* Cl SO4* NO3 F PO4* Ca Mg Na* K* SiO2*
250 C CaCO3

(<--------------------------------------------------------------- mg/l---------------------------------------------------------->)
1 Mohan Nagar 7.30 370 0 244 14 3 0.02 0.31 0.01 29 22 26 3.9 21 163
2 Narkatar 7.35 419 0 293 14 0 0.02 0.29 0 45 22 22 6.2 22 204
3 Jogana Kharta 7.08 782 0 549 14 0 5.88 0.2 0 90 22 70 5.2 27 316
4 Dab Kheri 7.55 610 0 403 21 4 2.98 0.41 0 45 30 58 5.1 22 235
5 Munta Khera 7.02 1498 0 708 104 34 115 0.45 0.01 106 47 173 17 22 459
6 Samarpur 7.35 696 0 476 21 22 5.58 0.29 0.01 53 35 76 5.6 21 276
7 Bagthala 7.54 604 0 403 14 4 2.85 0.64 0.00 45 27 58 5.7 22 225
8 Cholla 7.32 885 0 561 42 19 3.05 0.98 0.00 65 42 91 7.5 23 337
9 Surmi 7.95 615 0 378 28 10 6.08 0.64 0.00 25 25 92 3.7 19 163
10 Mirjapur 7.35 815 0 452 42 27 15 0.21 0.10 90 25 60 10 27 327
11 Luhar Majra 7.29 470 0 262 7.1 30 0.12 0.41 0 48 17 31 3.6 21 188
12 Khijer Pura 7.32 750 0 433 30 29 0.64 0.41 0 59 28 74 7.7 24 262
13 Bohr Saida 7.61 610 0 348 16 26 10 0.25 0 67 22 38 5.1 23 256
14 Muqimpura 7.53 548 0 305 12 33 0.05 0.41 0 61 20 30 4.1 21 235
15 Garhi Singha 7.60 625 0 366 19 22 2.6 0.38 0 42 23 71 4.3 21 199
16 Pehowa 7.53 546 0 323 19 9.2 3.4 0.46 0 42 33 31 4.1 21 241
17 Bilochpura 7.46 715 0 409 21 28 11 0.75 0 55 38 52 7.4 24 293
18 Dhani Rampura 7.4 824 0 488 25 28 11 0.52 0 82 36 53 7.7 28 350
19 Sainsa 7.53 517 0 299 8.9 14 0.1 0.54 0 55 17 32 3.9 27 204
20 Murtazapur 7.33 720 0 378 32 34 12 0.43 0 71 28 49 4.7 25 293
21 Jyotisar 7.50 475 0 250 8.9 35 1.5 0.33 0 48 20 22 4.4 21 204
22 Tikoran 7.15 685 0 403 8.9 38 5.0 0.61 0 63 27 54 5.3 23 267
Water Quality Analysis
 Geophysical Studies
– Geo-electrical Resistivity Profiling:
• 2 (two) numbers of GRP were conducted in N –S direction
– Vertical Electrical Sounding:
• 6 (six) numbers of VES were conducted in the area to correlate the resistivity
values with available lithological information

• Indicates good probability of presence of buried channel in

deeper depth at the stations.
• Schlumberger Profiling conducted in the area also indicates the
presence of buried channel.
• The VES results conducted at “High” locations indicated the
deposit of coarser sediments in the bottom part of second layer
which lies in the depth range of 60 to 100 meters below ground
level which may be the depth of the buried channel
THANKS