AMITY INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY

AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

PHARMACOGNOSY
PROTEINS AND ENZYMES : GELATIN
PRESENTED BY :
o CHINMAYA SHARMA UNDER GUIDANCE OF:
(A4513318090)
DR. SWATI MADAN
o KASHISH GARG
(A4513318088)
PROTEINS AND PROTEIN DRUGS
• Complex nitrogenous organic compounds of plant and animal origin.
• Play an important role in proper functioning of living cells as well as provide
very important group of therapeutically active compounds such as hormones,
enzymes, sera, antitoxins etc.
• Stored in plants in form of aleurone in plants
• In animals, stored as structural material in the form of collagen (connective
tissue), keratin (hair, wool, nail, feathers and horns), elastin (epithelial
connective tissue), casein (milk) and plasma proteins.
• Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and rarely sulphur.
• On complete hydrolysis, the ultimate product is AMINO ACIDS.
• Due to their amphoteric nature, they get easily denatured due to heat, pH
changes, treatment of organic sample etc.
CLASSIFICATION
SIMPLE PROTEINS

ALBUMINS

GLOBULINS

GLUTAMINES

PROLAMINES

SCLEROPROTEINS

HISTONES

PROTAMINES
GELATIN
SYNONYMS

 GELATINA
 GEL FOAM
 PURAGEL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE
• PARTIAL HYDROLYSIS OF ANIMAL COLLAGENOUS
TISSUES LIKE

SKINS
TENDONS
LIGAMENTS
BONES
WITHIN BOILING WATER
DESCRIPTION
• THIS PROTEIN IS AVAILABLE IN THE FORM OF
FLAKES
SHEETS
SHREDS
COARSER OR FINE POWDER
• IT HAS A CHARACTERISITIC ODOUR
• FAINTLY YELLOW TO AMBER COLOUR
SOLUBILITY
• Insoluble in cold water; swells, softens and absorbs about 5-10
times its weight of water.
• Soluble in hot water; forms a jelly on cooling.
• Soluble in mixture of glycerine and water
• Insoluble in fixed and volatile oils, alcohol, chloroform and
ether.
• In dried condition, remain stable in air; degradation in
moisture due to microbial attack
 PREPARATION
• STEP I : Bones are defatted and decalcified with organic solvent
and mineral acid respectively.
• STEP II : Treatment of obtained material with water at 85 ⁰ C in
successive quantities, due to which collagen dissolves into gelatin.
• STEP III : Bleaching and concentrating under reduced pressure to
specific gelatin content and allowing them to set in shallow trays
• STEP IV : Such moulded gelatin is dried in drying room to
eliminate moisture.
 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
• As a protein, chemically, it contains different amino acids out
of which major is lysine, an essential amino acid, but does not
contain tryptophan.
• Gelatin is composed of gluten protein
STANDARDS OF QUALITY
• ASH : Not more than 3.2%

• GEL STRENGTH : 150 - 250

• L.O.D : Not more than 15%

• Ph 1.0% SOLUTION : 3.6 – 7.6

• MICROBIAL LIMITS : It should comply for absence of E. coli and 109 .

for Salmonella. Total bacterial content should .
be less than 1000 per gram.
 CHEMICAL TESTS

1. It evolves ammonia when heated with soda lime.

2. It is precipitated by trinitrophenol and solution of
tannic acid, but not with alum, lead acetate or acids
which indicates that it does not contain chondrin.
3. It gives white precipitate with mercuric nitrate and
on warming turns brick red colour.
USES
• Gelatin is used in manufacturing of hard and flexible capsule shells
• It is also used for preparing pessaries, pastes, pastilles and suppositories.

• Gelatin in form of absorbable gelatin sponge is used as haemostatic.

• Sometimes, recommended for treatment of brittle finger nails and non-
mycotic defects of nails.
• Employed for microencapsulation of drugs, perfumes, flavours and some
industrial materials
• It is used as vehicle for certain injections, like
heparin which contains gelatin, acetic acid and
water.

• It is also used in preparation of bacteriological

culture media, absorbable gelatin sponge and
gelatin film.
REFERENCE
• C.K. Kokate, A.P. Purohit, S.B. Gokhale Pharmacognosy; published by
Nirali Prakashan, 54th edition; Chapter 12 – Enzymes and Protein drugs,
Topic – Gelatin, Page no. 12.19-12.21.