ROCKS

ROCKS
•Are a mixture of
different
minerals.
•Made up of
different grains.
CLASSIFICATION OF
ROCKS

Rocks are classified based on the way and the

environment they formed.
Rocks can be igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic.
I. IGNEOUS ROCKS
- Form when a hot, molten rock originally located
beneath earth’s surface cools down.
- The cooling down of the magma or lava, which
will lead to the formation of igneous rocks, may happen
beneath or on earth’s surface.
- If the cooling of molten rocks happens underneath Earth’s
surface, then intrusive igneous rocks will be formed.
- If the igneous rocks solidify on Earth’s surface, then
extrusive igneous rocks will be formed.
INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS
ROCK ROCK
The difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks are the
following:
II. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
- Form from pieces of preexisting rocks or remnants
of organisms that lived many years ago.
- Starts forming when existing rocks are broken
down into sediments (smaller pieces of rocks).
These sediments will be carried by wind, water or
other agents to a place where it will be deposited.
- Overtime, the sediments are compressed y the
weight of the layers above them.
3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks
1.CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
- Contains grains or fragments of rocks that are
bound or cemented together.
a. Clastic sedimentary rocks that
contain sediments with similar sizes.
- Example: siltstone and claystone
b. Clastic sedimentary rocks that
contain sediments with different sizes.
- Examples: breccia and Conglomerate
3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks

2. CHEMICAL ROCKS
- Form when dissolved minerals precipitate from a
solution. This usually occurs when water travels through
Earth’s crust, weather the rocks, and dissolve their minerals as water
evaporates.
Examples: Flint, halite and limestone.
3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks
3. ORGANIC ROCKS
- Formed from the accumulation of materials from living
things or products of living things that have undergone the
process of weathering and erosion.
- Forms from shells, bodies and other remnants of organisms.
- Example: limestone (made up of shells
of marine organisms) and chalk
(formed due to compression of microscopic
marine organisms).
II. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
- Are the only type of rocks that form
from a previous rock type.
- Metamorphism is involved in the
formation of this rock type.
- Rocks are subjected to extreme heat
and pressure, which causes changes
on the rock’s mineral composition
and texture.
Two Common Types of Metamorphism
CONTACT REGIONAL
METAMORPHISM METAMORPHISM
Two Common Types of Metamorphism