UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering)

Manufacturing Techniques (MET-204)
By: Dr. Harsimran Singh Sodhi
Lecture no. 4

CASTING PROCESS DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Pattern

In casting, a pattern is a replica of the object to be cast, used to prepare

the cavity into which molten material will be poured during the casting
process. Patterns used in sand casting may be made of wood, metal,
plastics or other materials.

Pattern as compared to Casting

1. Pattern is large because it carries: - allowances (shrinkage,

machining, draft etc.).
2. It carries core prints.
3. Pattern does not have holes, slots.
4. Pattern may be two or three pieces.
 Pattern as compared to Casting

1. Pattern is large because it carries: - allowances (shrinkage, machining, draft etc.).

2. It carries core prints.

3. Pattern does not have holes, slots.

4. Pattern may be two or three pieces.

 Selection of patterns

The following factors affect the choice of a pattern:-

(i) Number of Castings to be produced.

(ii) Size and complexity of the shape of casting

(iii) Type of molding and castings method to be used.

(iv) Machining operation

(v) Characteristics of castings

 Different types of pattern

Different types of patterns

1) Single piece pattern

2) Split piece pattern
3) Loose piece pattern
4) Gated pattern
5) Match pattern
6) Sweep pattern
7) Cope and drag pattern
8) Skeleton pattern
9) Follow board pattern
 Different types of pattern

a) Single piece, b) Split, c) Match-plate, d) Cope and Drag Pattern

 Different types of pattern

Loose Piece Pattern Gated pattern Sweep pattern

Different types of pattern

Skeleton pattern
 Pattern Materials

Wood : white pine, deodar, teak, kail, shesham, maple, mahogany etc.

Metals : Al alloy, Steel, C.I., Brass

Plaster

Plastics

Wax
 Pattern Allowances

Pattern allowances are used in order to produce a casting of proper size and shape. These allowances
depend partly on product design, mould design, shrinkage and contraction of the metal being cast.
Following are the allowances which are usually provided in a pattern:-

1.Shrinkage allowance:
For GCI = 6.95 – 10.4, WCI = 20.8, Steel = 20.8, Al = 17 mm/meter etc.
2.Draft/Taper allowance:

Taper on External surface = 10-25 mm/meter

Taper on Internal surface = 40 – 65 mm/meter

3.Distortion or camber allowance : 2 – 20 mm
4.Rapping or Shaking allowance :
5.Finishing/Machining allowance : 1.6 to 12.5 mm
 FAQ

1. Which process is called lost waxing method? Why?

2. What is the function of core prints ?
3. State any four types of patterns.
4. What are the pattern materials?
5. What are the applications of casting ?
6. Name the materials for making patterns
7. List the various alloys and metal used in pattern
8. List the three forms of contraction.
 References
Text Books :
1. P.N.Rao, Manufacturing Technology ( Tata McGraw Hill )
2. P.C.Sharma, A text book of Production Technology ( S Chand Publication )
3. R.K. Rajput, A Text book of Manufacturing Technology ( Laxmi Publications )
Reference Books:
4. Heine ,RW , CR Loper and Rosenthal, Principles of Metal Casting ( McGraw Hill –NewYork)
5. Amitabha Ghosh &Asok Kumar Malik, Manufacturing Science (Affiliated East West Press Pvt.
Ltd.)
6. S. Kalpakjian & Steven R. Schmid, Manufacturing Engineering & Technology (Pearson)
THANK YOU